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On the Season 2 debut of Lost Cultures: Living Legacies , we travel to Bermuda, an Atlantic island whose history spans centuries and continents. Once uninhabited, Bermuda became a vital stop in transatlantic trade, a maritime stronghold, and a cultural crossroads shaped by African, European, Caribbean, and Native American influences. Guests Dr. Kristy Warren and Dr. Edward Harris trace its transformation from an uninhabited island to a strategic outpost shaped by shipwrecks, colonization, the transatlantic slave trade, and the rise and fall of empires. Plus, former Director of Tourism Gary Phillips shares the story of the Gombey tradition, a vibrant performance art rooted in resistance, migration, and cultural fusion. Together, they reveal how Bermuda’s layered past continues to shape its people, culture, and identity today. You can also find us online at travelandleisure.com/lostcultures Learn more about your ad choices. Visit podcastchoices.com/adchoices…
BW - EP159—001: NYC In January 1956 With Johnny Dollar—CBS Radio In Early 1956
Manage episode 458848562 series 2494501
Inhalt bereitgestellt von The WallBreakers and James Scully. Alle Podcast-Inhalte, einschließlich Episoden, Grafiken und Podcast-Beschreibungen, werden direkt von The WallBreakers and James Scully oder seinem Podcast-Plattformpartner hochgeladen und bereitgestellt. Wenn Sie glauben, dass jemand Ihr urheberrechtlich geschütztes Werk ohne Ihre Erlaubnis nutzt, können Sie dem hier beschriebenen Verfahren folgen https://de.player.fm/legal.
Support Breaking Walls at https://www.patreon.com/thewallbreakers At a CBS radio meeting in September 1955 at 485 Madison Avenue, John Karole VP of Sales, predicted CBS’s time sold would be more than the other three networks combined. Radio affiliates were given a Segmented Selling Plan. The plan offered a five-minute segment for twenty-one hundred dollars. Frank Stanton, President of CBS, boasted that since the birth of radio advertising, more than eight billion dollars had been spent on commercials. Network radio advertising in 1955 was up and year-over-year revenue would finish four million dollars ahead of 1954, but privately, many of the local stations grumbled. CBS had recently instituted income-slashing one-year contracts and added a standard six-month cancellation clause, while cutting compensation by twenty percent. Eight million new radios were manufactured in 1955—forty-five percent more the previous year. Car radios were now standard and transistor sets were on the rise. It was estimated that mobile listening added anywhere from thirty to seventy percent to overall radio ratings. On-the-go ratings polls were still rudimentary, but Richard M. Mall in The Journal of Broadcasting speculated that the days of families listening together in the parlor were over. Five-minute newscasts now dominate the tops of most hours. CBS was selling news advertising at its highest rate in history and New York was CBS’ major news hub. CBS announced new evening radio programs with name-brand talent and The $64,000 Question would now be simulcast on both radio and TV. They were also increasing dramatic production. This included two evening strips at 8PM that would air five nights per week for fifteen minutes each night. One was a reboot of Yours Truly, Johnny Dollar. It was to star Gerald Mohr, who had just finished a successful run as Christopher Storm on TV’s Foreign Intrigue. Mohr recorded an audition on August 29th, 1955. Veteran radio director Jack Johnstone was brought in, but Mohr didn’t take the part. New auditions were held the next month. Each actor had twenty minutes to pitch themselves and audition with actress Lillian Buyeff. Amongst those who read were radio mainstays Paul Dubev, Larry Thor, Jack Moyes, Tony Barrett, Vic Perrin, and the man they selected, Bob Bailey. The rebooted Yours Truly Johnny Dollar debuted over CBS airwaves at 8:15PM eastern time on October 3rd, 1955. The new format offered seventy-five minutes of weekly time, allowing tremendous character development. It wasn’t long before letters were pouring into CBS. While the CBS sales team looked for national sponsorship, in early 1956 a new case took Johnny Dollar to New York City. Dollar would be in town between January 9th and 13th. Tonight, we’ll focus on Yours Truly, Johnny Dollar, stolen goods, and what was happening in New York that week in January, 1956.
…
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BW - EP159—001: NYC In January 1956 With Johnny Dollar—CBS Radio In Early 1956
Breaking Walls: The Podcast on the History of American Network Radio Broadcasting
Manage episode 458848562 series 2494501
Inhalt bereitgestellt von The WallBreakers and James Scully. Alle Podcast-Inhalte, einschließlich Episoden, Grafiken und Podcast-Beschreibungen, werden direkt von The WallBreakers and James Scully oder seinem Podcast-Plattformpartner hochgeladen und bereitgestellt. Wenn Sie glauben, dass jemand Ihr urheberrechtlich geschütztes Werk ohne Ihre Erlaubnis nutzt, können Sie dem hier beschriebenen Verfahren folgen https://de.player.fm/legal.
Support Breaking Walls at https://www.patreon.com/thewallbreakers At a CBS radio meeting in September 1955 at 485 Madison Avenue, John Karole VP of Sales, predicted CBS’s time sold would be more than the other three networks combined. Radio affiliates were given a Segmented Selling Plan. The plan offered a five-minute segment for twenty-one hundred dollars. Frank Stanton, President of CBS, boasted that since the birth of radio advertising, more than eight billion dollars had been spent on commercials. Network radio advertising in 1955 was up and year-over-year revenue would finish four million dollars ahead of 1954, but privately, many of the local stations grumbled. CBS had recently instituted income-slashing one-year contracts and added a standard six-month cancellation clause, while cutting compensation by twenty percent. Eight million new radios were manufactured in 1955—forty-five percent more the previous year. Car radios were now standard and transistor sets were on the rise. It was estimated that mobile listening added anywhere from thirty to seventy percent to overall radio ratings. On-the-go ratings polls were still rudimentary, but Richard M. Mall in The Journal of Broadcasting speculated that the days of families listening together in the parlor were over. Five-minute newscasts now dominate the tops of most hours. CBS was selling news advertising at its highest rate in history and New York was CBS’ major news hub. CBS announced new evening radio programs with name-brand talent and The $64,000 Question would now be simulcast on both radio and TV. They were also increasing dramatic production. This included two evening strips at 8PM that would air five nights per week for fifteen minutes each night. One was a reboot of Yours Truly, Johnny Dollar. It was to star Gerald Mohr, who had just finished a successful run as Christopher Storm on TV’s Foreign Intrigue. Mohr recorded an audition on August 29th, 1955. Veteran radio director Jack Johnstone was brought in, but Mohr didn’t take the part. New auditions were held the next month. Each actor had twenty minutes to pitch themselves and audition with actress Lillian Buyeff. Amongst those who read were radio mainstays Paul Dubev, Larry Thor, Jack Moyes, Tony Barrett, Vic Perrin, and the man they selected, Bob Bailey. The rebooted Yours Truly Johnny Dollar debuted over CBS airwaves at 8:15PM eastern time on October 3rd, 1955. The new format offered seventy-five minutes of weekly time, allowing tremendous character development. It wasn’t long before letters were pouring into CBS. While the CBS sales team looked for national sponsorship, in early 1956 a new case took Johnny Dollar to New York City. Dollar would be in town between January 9th and 13th. Tonight, we’ll focus on Yours Truly, Johnny Dollar, stolen goods, and what was happening in New York that week in January, 1956.
…
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1 BW - EP160—005: February 1950 With Broadway Is My Beat—The Death Of A Greenwich Village Writer 37:44
Support Breaking Walls at https://www.patreon.com/thewallbreakers The February 17th, 1950 episode of Broadway is My Beat took Danny Clover to Greenwich Village. By the early 1950s, the sound effects men working in radio had begun to refine their craft to a fine art. In September of 1987 Jack Kruschen and Shirley Mitchell were guests of Jim Bohannon on his radio show. They remembered some of those men. The actor playing Camden Drake was Elliot Reid. Here he is speaking with Frank Bresee. Featured in this cast was Virginia Gregg. By 1950, she was one of the most versatile actresses on the air.…
Support Breaking Walls at https://www.patreon.com/thewallbreakers The February 10th, 1950 episode of Broadway Is My Beat took Danny Clover to the wrestling matches in search of a missing woman. At that time New York City’s top wrestling promoter was Roderick James "Jess" McMahon. The patriarch of the McMahon wrestling family, Jess McMahon spent several decades as a sports promoter of all kinds, including professional wrestling matchmaking at Madison Square Garden. Featured in this episode was Lawrence Dobkin. Years later, he remembered how he got into radio. Another famous featured character actor was Virginia Gregg.…
Support Breaking Walls at https://www.patreon.com/thewallbreakers As Broadway Is My Beat was taking to the air on February 3rd, 1950, snow was on the ground. Three inches had fallen on the 1st. That Friday, nuclear physicist Klaus Fuchs was arrested by agents of Scotland Yard. He was charged with providing American atomic bomb secrets to the Soviet Union. The next day, U.S. Army Lieutenant General Leslie R. Groves testified before a joint congressional committee that, as a result of the secrets Fuchs gave the U.S.S.R., the Soviets had begun development of both atomic and hydrogen bombs. At the Cort Theatre In New York, Katharine Hepburn was starring in a production of Shakespeare’s comedy, As You Like It. Located at 138 West 48th Street, The Cort was renamed the James Earl Jones theatre in 2022. Meanwhile The New York Daily News cover showed Ingrid Bergman, who’d just given birth to her son Robin Rossellini. The child was born out of wedlock. She filed for divorce from husband Dr. Peter Lindstrom, and shortly thereafter Stromboli premiered in American theaters. It was accompanied by a great deal of controversy from the affair between Bergman and director Roberto Rossellini. The pair would marry on May 24th, 1950. The biggest international news was coming out of England where a general election was to be held on January 23rd. With that in mind, Elmo Roper took to the air on CBS’ The People Speak with more information.…
Support Breaking Walls at https://www.patreon.com/thewallbreakers In November of 1949 Broadway is My Beat returned to the air on Saturday evenings. It remained there until late January of 1950. The show couldn’t find national sponsorship, though companies like Ford were buying single episode sponsorship to promote their products. Beginning with the February 3rd, 1950 episode called “The Lieutenant Jimmy Hunt Murder Case,” the show moved to Friday evenings at 9:30PM eastern time. Featured in this episode was Jeanette Nolan. She and her husband John McIntire were longtime friends of both Lewis and his second wife Mary Jane Croft. Broadway is my Beat featured some of the best hollywood radio talent like Barney Phillips, Virginia Gregg, Tony Barrett, Herb Butterfield, Betty Lou Gerson, Hy Averback, Cathy Lewis, Harry Bartell, Lawrence Dobkin, Mary Jane Croft, and Herb Vigran. Years later, Jack Kruschen remembered how many of them, including himself, often played more than one part on radio shows.…
Support Breaking Walls at https://www.patreon.com/thewallbreakers Network radio opened 1949 fresh off its fourteenth consecutive year of record earnings. Total network revenue exceeded Two-hundred-ten million dollars. Broadway Is My Beat first took to the air over CBS from New York on February 27th, 1949, It starred Anthony Ross and was directed by John Dietz. Dietz was a prolific radio man in the 1940s. He helped get Suspense off the ground and had success with New York-based shows like Casey, Crime Photographer. Early CBS press material for the show told how “as a kid, Danny Clover sold papers and shined shoes along the Great White Way. He later walked the beat as a policeman and knows everything along Broadway—from pan handler to operatic prima donna—but he’s still sentimental. The street is forever a wonderland of glamor to him.” CBS was in the middle of the “Packaged Program Initiative.” When head of CBS William Paley returned from World War II in 1946, he saw his network behind NBC in ratings, revenue, and star power. Paley decided to greenlight and cost-sustain shows in order to develop hits not controlled by advertising agencies. The gamble paid off. By February of 1949 CBS had found success with sitcoms like My Friend Irma and Our Miss Brooks. The network was also using capital gains tax laws to sign production deals with stars like Jack Benny, George Burns, Gracie Allen, Red Skelton, and Bing Crosby. For a deep dive on this, please tune into Breaking Walls episodes 108 through 112. Meanwhile, after fifteen weeks Broadway is My Beat was floundering. CBS was going to pull the plug at the end of May when NBC found its first post-talent raid hit. A new police procedural, Dragnet, launched on June 3rd, 1949. The brainchild of Jack Webb, it was unlike anything heard on the air at that point. CBS brass decided to move Broadway is My Beat’s production to Hollywood. Elliott Lewis was by then starring as Frankie Remley on The Phil Harris and Alice Faye Show and helping to edit scripts for Bill Spier on Suspense. With the urging of men like Spier and Bill Robson, Lewis was given the chance to direct the newly migrated series. He was born in Manhattan on November 28th, 1917. He told Radio Life, “You should hear the city constantly. Even the people in New York are noisy.” Three soundmen were often needed to re-create that New York flavor. Lewis immediately tabbed Morton Fine and David Friedkin to write the series. Here’s Morton Fine. Lewis’ first episode came on Thursday, July 7th, 1949 when the repackaged Broadway is My Beat debuted as a summer replacement for The FBI In Peace And War. Larry Thor would star as Danny Clover. The change in tenor was immediately evident. Rounding out the regular cast was Charles Calvert as Tartaglia and Jack Kruschen doubling as both Sergeant Muggavan and Doctor Sinski. The last episode of the seven week summer run was “The Val Dane Case,” airing on August 25th, 1949. By then the show had begun to hit its stride. Broadway is My Beat stretched for the poetic metaphor and if the tone was sometimes heavy and wordy, the scenes were gritty, and the crimes were less-than-glamorous. After the initial summer run, the CBS network executives were happy with Elliott Lewis’ work and decided to bring the show back in the fall.…
Support Breaking Walls at https://www.patreon.com/thewallbreakers Well we’ve reached the end of our look at Yours Truly Johnny Dollar and New York City in January of 1956. It would be impossible to tell a complete story on either subject within one episode. For more info on the history of Yours Truly Johnny Dollar, please tune into Breaking Walls episode 102. As far as New York City goes, don’t worry we’ll be staying right here in the next episode of Breaking Walls. Next time on Breaking Walls, it’s February of 1950 and we’re following detective Danny Clover on his beat, from Times Square to Columbus Circle. It’s the gaudiest, the most violent, the lonesomest mile in the world.…
Support Breaking Walls at https://www.patreon.com/thewallbreakers Despite a loyal audience, by January of 1956 it was clear that Yours Truly Johnny Dollar was failing to attract any kind of national sponsorship. The road to would have been difficult. Airing at 8:15PM weeknights on CBS radio, it was up against CBS’s own TV schedule, with Burns and Allen broadcast at 8PM eastern time on Mondays, The Phil Silvers Show on Tuesdays, Arthur Godfrey on Wednesdays, The Bob Cummings Show on Thursdays, and Mama on Fridays. The serial format was great for character development, but it also meant audiences needed to tune into all five parts to know what was going on. In April of 1956 Yours Truly Johnny Dollar was shifted to 9:15PM. By the summer CBS radio executives were looking to cut costs. Bob Bailey’s daughter Roberta remembered that time. CBS aired these five-part episodes until November 2nd, 1956. The show moved to Sunday afternoons where it enjoyed continuous airtime in a half-hour time slot. Bob Bailey became the actor most closely associated with the Dollar character, keeping the title role until November of 1960. It was then that CBS decided to move all remaining dramatic productions with the exception of Gunsmoke to New York. Neither Jack Johnstone or Bob Bailey would move with the production. The last Hollywood episode was appropriately entitled “The Empty Threat Matter.” It aired on November 27th, 1960. The trade papers made no mention of the production change. On December 4th, 1960, New York’s version of Yours Truly Johnny Dollar took to the air starring Bob Readick, son of New York radio legend Frank Readick. Former show director Jack Johnstone continued to write scripts, but Bob Readick had the unenviable task of following Bailey, who played Dollar in almost five-hundred episodes. Readick was replaced after just six months as of June 25th, 1961 by the final Johnny Dollar, Mandel Kramer. For Bob Bailey, the end of Dollar meant the end of his radio career.…
Support Breaking Walls at https://www.patreon.com/thewallbreakers Lawrence Dobkin played several roles in “The Todd Matter,” including Bill Powers. He was a longtime member of AFRA. Roberta Bailey-Goodwin remembered many of the actors that appeared with her father on Johnny Dollar. Although not in this particular Dollar episode, Virginia Gregg was an oft-featured character actress and close friend of the Bailey family. Shirley Mitchell, by then a radio legend, voiced Melva Charles.…
Support Breaking Walls at https://www.patreon.com/thewallbreakers Production was done for these serial episodes of Yours Truly Johnny Dollar in a single day. Bob Bailey was paid three-hundred-dollars per week. Adjusted for inflation, a single week’s work on Dollar paid a little less than thirty-five-hundred dollars. Between October of 1955 and November of 1956, fifty-five serials would air. To pen these scripts, Jack Johnstone tapped into his old writing mainstays.…

1 BW - EP159—006: NYC In January 1956 With Johnny Dollar—Will Eisenhower Run For A Second Term 32:55
Support Breaking Walls at https://www.patreon.com/thewallbreakers It’s 6PM on Wednesday, January 11th, 1956. I’m at Colbee’s Restaurant on the ground floor of the CBS headquarters at 485 Madison Avenue. I’m about to have a bite to eat with the man you just heard, Mandel Kramer. Yesterday at Edwards Air Force Base in California, U.S. Air Force First Lt. Barty R. Brooks died in the crash of a F-100 Super Sabre. The accident was caught on film. Word from Memphis is that young singer Elvis Presley recorded a new song called “Heartbreak Hotel.” Today’s cover of The New York Daily News shows Grace Kelly in Monaco, but the interior pages talk about the rising problems in Vietnam. South Vietnam President Ngô Đình Diệm issued an ordinance giving his government almost unchecked power to deal with any opposition. Meanwhile, the Soviet Union has approved technical specifications for an R-13 submarine-launched missile. And earlier today, The 1956 Chevrolet Corvette was announced. It’ll cost three-thousand-one-hundred-twenty dollars. It features a new body, convertible top, optional power steering, optional hardtop, and rollup glass windows. The V6 option has been dropped in favor of either a two-hundred-ten or two-hundred-twenty horsepower V8 Engine. A 3-speed manual transmission is now standard. The main national news is the debate on whether or not President Dwight D. Eisenhower will seek a second term. After suffering a heart attack in September of 1955 Ike is still undeclared, meeting with an array of doctors to gauge whether the rigors of running for reelection will cause undue health issues. The United Press reported on Tuesday the 10th that sixty percent of the more than four hundred doctors polled felt that Dwight would be able to serve. Perhaps some insight into Ike’s psyche was gleaned when on Monday, January 9th, he once again took over full White House duties, including naming Bernard M. Shanley Appointments Secretary. Meanwhile, on NBC radio, Keys To The Capital is airing.…
Support Breaking Walls at https://www.patreon.com/thewallbreakers The man you just heard is Hans Conried. Famous for both his dramatic and comedic portrayals on both radio and TV, By January of 1956 he’d been involved in radio for two decades. Here he is on the February 24th, 1956 episode of Yours Truly Johnny Dollar. By early 1956, those still involved in dramatic radio had advanced the medium’s production to a high art. Most radio drama still remaining was by then based in Hollywood, with much of the news programming based in New York. For Roberta Bailey-Goodwin, then a teenager, accompanying her father to weekly recordings was a family ritual and she got a firsthand look at the artists plying their craft. “The Todd Matter” was written by E. Jack Neuman under the pen name of John Dawson. Gloria Tierney's landlady, Ethel Stromberg, was voiced by Vivi Janiss. The surname Stromberg has multiple origins. In Swedish “strom” means river, while “berg” means mountain. In Germany it's a habitational name from places like Rhineland and means “flat mountain.” Barbara Fuller was Gloria Tierney. Frank Gerstle played Dan Mapes. Marvin Miller, famed for both announcing and acting, also played a small role in “The Todd Matter.”…

1 BW - EP159—004: NYC In January 1956 With Johnny Dollar—Dollar Gets A Stolen Mink Coat Tipoff 21:14
Support Breaking Walls at https://www.patreon.com/thewallbreakers The weather on Monday January 9th, 1956 warmed throughout the day. It hit forty degrees Fahrenheit by nightfall. The front cover of The New York Daily News featured a photo of patrolman Ray Cusack, who rescued many children from a fire in Hempstead, New York. Dwight Eisenhower was still undecided on whether or not to seek a second term, while Democrat hopeful Adlai Stevenson claimed Ike’s recent State of the Union Address was merely a veiled State on the Republican party. Meanwhile the families of both US diplomats and UN officials fled from the Jordanian sector of Jerusalem after violent anti-western riots broke out for the second day in a row. If you turned on your radio at 8:15PM eastern time, you’d have heard a Boston Symphony concert on NBC, and Metropolitan Opera auditions on ABC. WOR aired True Detective, but if you wanted the best in radio detective fiction you’d have turned on CBS, where Bob Bailey was starring in Jack Johnstone’s production of Yours Truly Johnny Dollar, written by E. Jack Neuman. The prison where Vance served time is Sing Sing, originally opening in Ossining, New York in 1825. Among the executions in their electric chair were Julius and Ethel Rosenberg, on June 19th, 1953, for Soviet espionage. A good mink coat cost about twenty-five-hundred dollars in 1956. Both Orin Vance and Don Freed were voiced by Lawrence Dobkin. By 1956 Dobkin was a radio legend with experience in both New York and Hollywood. The Westin Hotel Chain was launched in 1930 by Severt W. Thurston and Frank Dupar as Western Hotels. They were the first hotel chain to introduce credit cards in 1946. Today the chain, called Westin since 1981, is owned and operated by Mariott. There are Westin Hotels in both the Times Square and Grand Central area. In January of 1956, 57th street was home to various art exhibitions like Kay Sage’s surrealist paintings at the Catherine Viviano gallery, a contemporary Greek Art exhibition at Sagittarius gallery, a European group show at the Matisse gallery, and art and artifacts of various Central African tribes at 57th and Lexington. The Sutton theater, also on 57th street, was showing The Night My Number Came Up starring Michael Redgrave and Sheila Sim. Gloria Tierney’s fictional apartment at 1231 East 57th is an impossibility. The address would put it in the East River.…
Support Breaking Walls at https://www.patreon.com/thewallbreakers It’s a little after midnight on the morning of Monday January 9th. We’re at P.J. Clarke’s on the corner of 55th street and 3rd avenue, getting warm the best way we know how. The weather is nasty outside. It’s about fifteen degrees with freezing rain and gale force winds. Clarke’s is a bar from another time. It’s wonderfully trapped in nostalgia—all burnished wood and chased mirrors. Orson Welles is opening King Lear at The City Center to good reviews. The years in Europe did him well, but he’s happy to be back in New York. Welles is in the back with none other than Frank Sinatra. They’ve known each other since the 1930s, and since they both missed each other’s fortieth birthdays last year, we’re celebrating. Joining us is Jilly Rizzo and Bill Stern. The next round of drinks is on me. That’s Daniel Levazzo. He bought the bar from the Clarke family a few years ago. Hey Dan, three Jacks straight up, a negroni for Orson, and I’ll have Hendricks on the rocks. You want something? Hey Dan, let me borrow your phone, I’ve got to file my story. Hello Operator, give me CBS at 485 Madison Avenue please. (Beat) Yes I know what time it is. I’m a producer there. (Beat) Put me through. (Beat) Thank you. Some things never change. Hello Cindy, it's Scully. Is Ed Murrow still there? (Beat) Could you put me through to him? (Beat) Thank you. (Beat) Hey Ed, It’s James Scully. I’m glad I caught you. Bill Paley’s got you burning the midnight oil huh? (Beat) I did. Orson was good. I’m a P.J. Clarke’s with him and Sinatra right now. Bill Stern’s here too. You want to swing by? I’ll get Dan Levazzo to break out the moonshine. (Beat) With those two? We’ll be here a while. (Beat) Ha! Ok I’ll see you soon. Ed Murrow’s a good man. The gang will be happy to see him. Dan, Do me a favor, turn the TV up for a second. The Tonight Show with Steve Allen is just finishing on NBC-TV and there’s a little news item on the tube before programming signs off. Everyone is talking about Grace Kelly’s engagement to Prince Rainier III of Monaco. It was announced in Philadelphia on January 5th and their party is going to be at the Waldorf-Astoria Hotel here in New York. Grace and Rainier went their separate ways on Saturday. She’s going back to Hollywood to keep working on High Society. The only thing is, one of her co-stars is Sinatra, and he’ll be in no mood to fly to the coast tomorrow. That’s not the only talk of love and marriage going on around New York City. Look at that Sunday Daily News cover. Heiress Juliette Wehle stood up her husband-to-be on their wedding day. She supposedly slipped away at 2AM wearing just a negligee to elope with another man. Don’t worry, it’s not a roving producer from CBS. The twenty-year-old heiress later returned home, unmarried. Excuse me, I’m missing out on the fun. Oh, before I go, I should say that the story of a woman jilting one man for another is ironically a centerpiece in the upcoming plot within Yours Truly Johnny Dollar’s “The Todd Matter.” The first episode will air later tonight at 8:15PM over CBS radio. And remember, it stars Bob Bailey.…

1 BW - EP159—002: NYC In January 1956 With Johnny Dollar—Orson Welles Returns To A Changing New York 8:29
Support Breaking Walls at https://www.patreon.com/thewallbreakers It’s a cold, rainy Sunday evening on January 8th, 1956. We’re heading south on Riverside Drive in Manhattan’s Upper West Side. On the air is NBC’s Monitor with a New World Today discussion about the differences in American life in the past twenty years. The United States is changing. Psychiatry is on the rise as the cold war rages onward. The internal Red Scare has subsided, but Secretary of State John Foster Dulles said this week that the U.S. won’t stop testing nuclear weapons, despite pleas from Pope Pius XII on Christmas Day. While nuclear fears are understandable, the U.S. government thinks the USSR’s presence in emerging nations means they can’t be trusted to follow suit and stop their own testing. In Ecuador today, five evangelical American Christian missionaries were speared to death by members of the Huaorani people after attempting to introduce Christianity to them. Meanwhile, Algeria is in the midst of a war for Independence between France and the Algerian National Liberation Front. It began in November of 1954 and by now it’s considered the world’s only active war of note. It’s a complex conflict characterized by guerrilla warfare and the use of torture. Gunsmoke is far and away radio’s highest-rated dramatic show. It airs on CBS Sunday evenings with a Saturday afternoon repeat broadcast. The combined rating of 6.5 means somewhere between six and seven million people are still tuning in from their homes. When factoring in car and transistor radios, nearly ten million people are listening. CBS remains the home for the top-rated prime-time shows. Our Miss Brooks is pulling a rating of 4.3, and both Edgar Bergen and Two For The Money are pulling a 3.9. Meanwhile, on daytime radio, CBS has the twelve highest-rated programs. So where am I heading? I’m a roving CBS producer. I’ve worked on both coasts, including with Norman MacDonell on Gunsmoke in Hollywood, but last year programming directors Guy Della Choppa and Howard Barnes sent me back home to New York. I’m heading to the City Center at 131 West 55th street. I’m to cover a preview of Shakespeare’s King Lear starring Orson Welles. It features Viveca Lindfors and Geraldine Fitzgerald and begins at 8:30PM. I helped with Welles’ Omnibus production of Lear on CBS-TV in October 1953. I had drinks with him last week. He kept raving about two things: Carl Perkins’ new hit, “Blue Suede Shoes,” and friend Jack Johnstone’s production of Yours Truly, Johnny Dollar. Johnstone directed Welles’ Almanac series from the west coast during World War II. I phoned Jack yesterday. He had this to say. Jack was sure to mention that this week’s upcoming Dollar story would take place in New York. If all goes well, Orson might be interested in returning to network radio in some capacity. Welles is once again a father. His daughter Beatrice was born last November 13th. He’s been looking for more stable projects and wants to get dinner after the performance. Lear doesn’t officially open until Thursday the 12th. The City Center was built as The Mecca Temple and opened in 1923. It’s part of a small section of galleries, apartments, and performing spaces, but development is possibly encroaching. Last April, The Mayor's Slum Clearance Committee, chaired by Robert Moses, was approved to designate the area just west in Lincoln Square for urban renewal. The residents, many of them Hispanic, have been protesting the decision, but Robert Moses usually gets his way.…
Support Breaking Walls at https://www.patreon.com/thewallbreakers At a CBS radio meeting in September 1955 at 485 Madison Avenue, John Karole VP of Sales, predicted CBS’s time sold would be more than the other three networks combined. Radio affiliates were given a Segmented Selling Plan. The plan offered a five-minute segment for twenty-one hundred dollars. Frank Stanton, President of CBS, boasted that since the birth of radio advertising, more than eight billion dollars had been spent on commercials. Network radio advertising in 1955 was up and year-over-year revenue would finish four million dollars ahead of 1954, but privately, many of the local stations grumbled. CBS had recently instituted income-slashing one-year contracts and added a standard six-month cancellation clause, while cutting compensation by twenty percent. Eight million new radios were manufactured in 1955—forty-five percent more the previous year. Car radios were now standard and transistor sets were on the rise. It was estimated that mobile listening added anywhere from thirty to seventy percent to overall radio ratings. On-the-go ratings polls were still rudimentary, but Richard M. Mall in The Journal of Broadcasting speculated that the days of families listening together in the parlor were over. Five-minute newscasts now dominate the tops of most hours. CBS was selling news advertising at its highest rate in history and New York was CBS’ major news hub. CBS announced new evening radio programs with name-brand talent and The $64,000 Question would now be simulcast on both radio and TV. They were also increasing dramatic production. This included two evening strips at 8PM that would air five nights per week for fifteen minutes each night. One was a reboot of Yours Truly, Johnny Dollar. It was to star Gerald Mohr, who had just finished a successful run as Christopher Storm on TV’s Foreign Intrigue. Mohr recorded an audition on August 29th, 1955. Veteran radio director Jack Johnstone was brought in, but Mohr didn’t take the part. New auditions were held the next month. Each actor had twenty minutes to pitch themselves and audition with actress Lillian Buyeff. Amongst those who read were radio mainstays Paul Dubev, Larry Thor, Jack Moyes, Tony Barrett, Vic Perrin, and the man they selected, Bob Bailey. The rebooted Yours Truly Johnny Dollar debuted over CBS airwaves at 8:15PM eastern time on October 3rd, 1955. The new format offered seventy-five minutes of weekly time, allowing tremendous character development. It wasn’t long before letters were pouring into CBS. While the CBS sales team looked for national sponsorship, in early 1956 a new case took Johnny Dollar to New York City. Dollar would be in town between January 9th and 13th. Tonight, we’ll focus on Yours Truly, Johnny Dollar, stolen goods, and what was happening in New York that week in January, 1956.…
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Breaking Walls: The Podcast on the History of American Network Radio Broadcasting

Support Breaking Walls at https://www.patreon.com/thewallbreakers On the Sunday, December 31st, 1944 episode of The Jack Benny Program, it’s New Year’s Eve and Jack resolves to be friends with Fred Allen in 1945. For more information on Jack Benny in 1944, including how and why he changed sponsors, please tune into Breaking Walls Episode 151 which covers Benny’s 1944 in great detail.…
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Breaking Walls: The Podcast on the History of American Network Radio Broadcasting

Support Breaking Walls at https://www.patreon.com/thewallbreakers At 9PM on Monday, December 25th, 1944, The Whistler, broadcast from KNX, went on the air over CBS’ regional West Coast Network. The Whistler’s narration acted as a modern version of the Greek chorus, omnisciently taunting the characters. The narrator proved so popular that it was adapted into eight film noirs by Columbia Pictures between 1944 and 1948. Whistler radio dramas were usually told through the perspective of the guilty person. His or her guilt is never in doubt, and there’s always a strange twist at the end. Since it was Christmas Night, this episode “Christmas Bonus,” instead has a positive twist at the end for the main character.…
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Breaking Walls: The Podcast on the History of American Network Radio Broadcasting

Support Breaking Walls at https://www.patreon.com/thewallbreakers The General Mills sponsored Lone Ranger from WXYZ in Detroit first began airing on January 31st, 1933. The next year it became one of the cornerstone programs which led to the formation of the Mutual Broadcasting System. The show moved to the Blue Network in 1942 and would remain on the network after it became ABC in 1945. The Christmas Day, 1944 episode was entitled, “A Present for Janey.”…
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Breaking Walls: The Podcast on the History of American Network Radio Broadcasting

1 BW - EP158—008: Christmas Weekend 1944—The Elgin Christmas Special 1:58:37
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Support Breaking Walls at https://www.patreon.com/thewallbreakers At 4PM eastern time on Christmas Day, CBS broadcast the third annual Elgin watches Christmas party for the men and women in the Armed Forces, guest-starring Jack Benny, George Burns, Gracie Allen, Bob Hope, Bing Crosby, Ginny Simms, and many others. It was hosted by Don Ameche and the announcer was Ken Carpenter. Don Ameche had been an integral part of The Chase and Sanborn Hour, earning a reputation from Edgar Bergen as one of the best comedic ad-libbers in the business. Elgin Watches was first incorporated in August 1864 as the National Watch Company. The founders eventually based their operations in the growing city of Elgin, Illinois and changed the company name. By the turn of the 20th century, it was one of the largest watch manufacturers in the world. During World War II all civilian manufacturing was halted and the company moved into the defense industry, manufacturing military watches, chronometers, fuzes for artillery shells, aircraft instruments, and cannon bearings. Their agency of record J. Walter Thompson confined radio sponsorship to their annual Thanksgiving and Christmas specials, which began in 1942.…
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Breaking Walls: The Podcast on the History of American Network Radio Broadcasting

The Cavalcade of America’s sponsor, The Du Pont Company, had profited from gunpowder during the first World War. Years of bad press led them to hire the ad agency Batten, Barton, Durstine, and Osborne. They wanted a brand perception change. The Cavalcade of America was the answer. In 1944 The Cavalcade of America was in the midst of a thirteen-year primetime run on NBC. Sponsored by Dupont, the program dramatized history and historical fiction, focusing intensely on the war at home and abroad. On Christmas night at 8PM, Walter Huston emceed a program called “America For Christmas” which took listeners around the country to showcase all the things that made different states in the United States so unique.…
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Breaking Walls: The Podcast on the History of American Network Radio Broadcasting

On the Sunday, December 24th 1944 episode of The Great Gildersleeve, Gildy overcomes depression and recent legal issues to have a wonderful celebration at his home. All the most-famous townspeople of Summerfield stopped by. This episode pulled a rating of 14.9. Roughly ten million people tuned in. For more information on the launch of The Great Gildersleeve and the show’s 1944, please tune into Breaking Walls Episode 149.…
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Breaking Walls: The Podcast on the History of American Network Radio Broadcasting

Support Breaking Walls at https://www.patreon.com/thewallbreakers On the Sunday, December 24th, 1944 episode of The Jack Benny Program, it’s Christmas Eve and Jack Benny is trimming the Christmas tree with Mary Livingstone and Rochester’s help. The gang drops by to exchange gifts too. For more information on Jack Benny in 1944, including how and why he changed sponsors, please tune into Breaking Walls Episode 151 which covers Benny’s 1944 in great detail.…
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Breaking Walls: The Podcast on the History of American Network Radio Broadcasting

Support Breaking Walls at https://www.patreon.com/thewallbreakers At 10PM eastern time on Friday December 22nd, 1944, Jimmy Durante and Garry Moore signed on over CBS with Georgia Gibbs and Roy Bargy’s orchestra. The show pulled a rating of 11.8 opposite Amos ‘n’ Andy on NBC. Roughly eight million people tuned in.…
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Breaking Walls: The Podcast on the History of American Network Radio Broadcasting

Support Breaking Walls at https://www.patreon.com/thewallbreakers Originally part of CBS’s experimental pilot summer series Forecast in 1940, Duffy’s Tavern had moved to the Blue Network in October of 1942, and then to NBC’s main network before the Blue Network was sold in September of 1944. Sponsored by Bristol Myers, it starred Ed Gardner as Archie, the manager of Duffy’s Tavern, “the eyesore of the east side, where the elite meet to eat.” Gardner’s heavily New York accented portrayal of Archie has inspired several characters in the years since. On Friday December 22nd, 1944 Monty Wooley guest-starred on the program. The episode pulled a rating of 13.4. Roughly nine million people tuned in.…
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Breaking Walls: The Podcast on the History of American Network Radio Broadcasting

Support Breaking Walls at https://www.patreon.com/thewallbreakers On Thursday December 21st, 1944 We Came This Way took to the air as part of NBC’s University of the Air. The series illustrated various struggles for freedom throughout history. This episode highlighted Gilbert du Motier, the Marquis de Lafayette who fought for the Continental Army under George Washington during the American Revolution, and was later one of the voices of reason during the French Revolution.…
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Breaking Walls: The Podcast on the History of American Network Radio Broadcasting

Support Breaking Walls at https://www.patreon.com/thewallbreakers On the Sunday, December 17th, 1944 episode of The Jack Benny Program, Jack meets Frank Sinatra in a pharmacy. For more information on Jack Benny in 1944, including how and why he changed sponsors, please tune into Breaking Walls Episode 151 which covers Benny’s 1944 in great detail. For more information on the life and career of Frank Sinatra, please tune into Breaking Walls Episode 85.…
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Breaking Walls: The Podcast on the History of American Network Radio Broadcasting

Support Breaking Walls at https://www.patreon.com/thewallbreakers By 1944 Rudy Vallée was one of the most famous American entertainers in history. Vallée spent much of early 1944 conducting the 11th Naval District Coast Guard Band, known as one of the best military units in the nation. He returned to civilian life, and to radio over NBC, on September 9th, 1944 with the launch of a new show, called Villa Vallée, and sponsored by Drene shampoo. It co-starred Monte Woolley. This 10:30PM eastern time episode pulled a rating of 12.3.…
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Breaking Walls: The Podcast on the History of American Network Radio Broadcasting

Support Breaking Walls at https://www.patreon.com/thewallbreakers On the Sunday, November 26th, 1944 episode of The Jack Benny Program, Jack and the gang discuss how they spent Thanksgiving. For more information on Jack Benny in 1944, including how and why he changed sponsors, please tune into Breaking Walls Episode 151 which covers Benny’s 1944 in great detail…
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Breaking Walls: The Podcast on the History of American Network Radio Broadcasting

Support Breaking Walls at https://www.patreon.com/thewallbreakers Although Bud Abbott and Lou Costello are remembered for their movies, they got their start toward national fame in radio. They’d met in 1929, when Costello was booked with a vaudeville act into a neighborhood theater. Abbott worked in the box office and soon found himself playing Costello’s straight man. In 1938 they appeared at Loew’s in New York, where they were seen by Ted Collins, architect of Kate Smith’s career. Their slaphappy style was perfect for radio, and their rise to frontline stardom was rapid. For two seasons, beginning Feb. 3rd, 1938, they were regulars on The Kate Smith Hour, while also appearing on Edgar Bergen’s Chase and Sanborn show. Signed by Universal in 1939, the duo pulled the studio out of financial trouble with a string of low-budget hits. NBC gave them a summer replacement show for Fred Allen in 1940. Then in the fall of 1942 they went on the air full-time for Camel Cigarettes. They were an immediate top-ten ratings hit, and became a Thursday night comedy staple. On Thanksgiving night in 1944 their 10PM NBC rating was 20.5, good for eighth overall on radio that week. More than sixteen million people tuned in.…
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Breaking Walls: The Podcast on the History of American Network Radio Broadcasting

Support Breaking Walls at https://www.patreon.com/thewallbreakers In November of 1944 Bing Crosby’s Kraft Music Hall was Thursday night’s highest-rated program. Airing at 9PM eastern time, singing with Bing was heard by more than eighteen million people as they wound down around the fire and radio. That evening’s first song was “Dance with a Dolly” and the guest was thirty-one year old opera soprano Risë Stevens.…
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Breaking Walls: The Podcast on the History of American Network Radio Broadcasting

Support Breaking Walls at https://www.patreon.com/thewallbreakers This program, originally airing on KPO San Francisco, was in conjunction with the 5th War Loan Drive. Thanksgiving 1944 was also called “War Bond Day.” It featured the likes of Rudy Vallée and others.
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Breaking Walls: The Podcast on the History of American Network Radio Broadcasting

Support Breaking Walls at https://www.patreon.com/thewallbreakers In November of 1944 Lum and Abner was airing as a weekday, fifteen minute serial. In New York the show aired over WJZ. The show was syndicated out of KECA in Los Angeles. KECA was the flagship station of the newly independent Blue Network, which would soon become ABC. Chester Lauck was Lum Edwards. Norris Goff was Abner Peabody. Set in the fictional hamlet of Pine Ridge, Arkansas, in real life Lauck and Goff disliked the term “hillbilly,” believing it mocked people unfairly. The biggest building in Pine Ridge was Dick Huddleston’s, who ran the general store and post office. Across the road was the blacksmith shop, run by Caleb Weehunt. Next door Mose Moots’ barbershop. Above the barbershop was the lodge hall, where the town council met and the Pine Ridge Silver Comet Band practiced. Next to the tonsorial emporium was Luke Spears’s Lunch Room. A short distance down the road from Luke’s place was the Jot ’Em Down Store, run by Lum Edwards and Abner Peabody. On Thanksgiving in 1944 Lum is suddenly lonely and alone because Abner is out of town. Lum is trying to find someone to spend his holiday with.…
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Breaking Walls: The Podcast on the History of American Network Radio Broadcasting

Support Breaking Walls at https://www.patreon.com/thewallbreakers Much ink has been spilled on Breaking Walls this year talking about Suspense. For more information on the series in 1944, please tune into Breaking Walls episode 154. The Thanksgiving 1944 episode was called “The Fountain Plays” starring Charles Laughton. It’s a story filled with murder, blackmail, and cover-up. The original tale was penned by Dorothy L. Sayers adapted by Robert L. Richards. Richards is famous for having written “The House in Cypress Canyon,” a noted Suspense classic. This is the first of twenty-nine weeks of Roma commercials featuring society figure and entertaining expert Elsa Maxwell. She offers her hard-earned wisdom about wine and other beverage selections. Maxwell was a gossip columnist and writer with occasional movie appearances, but known for her elaborate parties. She is credited with adding games to parties, such as scavenger hunts, to make them more interesting beyond the idle chatter of who was seen with whom or who was invited and who wasn’t. Maxwell rose from a lower middle class life in San Francisco to being the host of parties that included big stars and royalty. Elsa Maxwell does not play herself, instead she’s played by noted radio actress Lucille Meredith.…
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Breaking Walls: The Podcast on the History of American Network Radio Broadcasting

Support Breaking Walls at https://www.patreon.com/thewallbreakers Mail Call began airing on August 11th, 1942 over the Armed Forces Radio Service to entertain troops with songs, skits, and questions (via the mail) answered by celebrities in order to boost the morale of soldiers stationed far from their homes In 1944 Lt. Col. Thomas A.H. Lewis, commander of the Armed Forces Radio Service, wrote that "The initial production of the Armed Forces Radio Service was 'Mail Call,' a morale-building half hour which brought famed performers to the microphone to sing and gag in the best American manner." Lewis added, "To a fellow who has spent months guarding an outpost in the South Seas, Iceland or Africa a cheery greeting from a favorite comedian, a song hit direct from Broadway, or the beating rhythm of a hot band, mean a tie with the home to which he hopes soon to return.” The show was produced from AFRS’s California headquarters at 6011 Santa Monica Boulevard. On Thanksgiving Day in 1944, the program’s guests were Groucho Marx and Lionel Barrymore.…
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Breaking Walls: The Podcast on the History of American Network Radio Broadcasting

Support Breaking Walls at https://www.patreon.com/thewallbreakers Much ink has been spilled on Breaking Walls this year talking about Suspense. For more information on the series in 1944, please tune into Breaking Walls episode 154. On Thursday November 2nd, 1944, Van Johnson made his first appearance on “radio’s outstanding theater of thrills” in “The Singing Walls.” In this Cornell Woolrich story, a man is drugged by gangsters to be framed for a crime. All he can remember is that music seemed to be coming out of the walls that surround him. Van Johnson started on Broadway in the mid-1930s and was selected as the understudy for Gene Kelly in Pal Joey. Lucille Ball got him an audition in Hollywood. From then on he was a “boy next door” handsome Hollywood star. At the time of this Suspense appearance, radio columns were commenting about the frequency of his appearances on radio’s biggest programs. He was on all of the big comedy and variety shows as well as dramatic programs, often appearing on radio multiple times a week, sometimes daily, during this period of his career.…
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Breaking Walls: The Podcast on the History of American Network Radio Broadcasting

Support Breaking Walls at https://www.patreon.com/thewallbreakers In the fall of 1944 Fibber McGee and Molly were in the midst of their tenth season on the air. The comedic duo was part of NBC’s blockbuster Tuesday night comedy lineup. Between 1939 and 1949 their show was never ranked lower than third overall in the ratings. On Halloween night their rating was 25.6. More than twenty million people tuned in to hear Fibber McGee add duck hunting to the list of activities he is supposedly good at.…
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Breaking Walls: The Podcast on the History of American Network Radio Broadcasting

Support Breaking Walls at https://www.patreon.com/thewallbreakers By the fall of 1944, George Burns and Gracie Allen had been married for eighteen years and on radio for twelve. Their program had been officially titled The Burns And Allen Show in the fall of 1936, and they’d spent time at both NBC and CBS. With their ratings slipping in 1942, George Burns transformed their show from vaudeville-style banter into a situation comedy. It was the jolt the couple needed. In the fall of 1944 the couple was on for Lever Brothers and Swan Soap Tuesdays at 9PM eastern time from CBS. On Halloween night, Grace Allen had a make believe romance with actor Van Johnson. NBC dominated Tuesday’s ratings in most timeslots, but running opposite of The Burns and Allen Show on NBC was The Molle Mystery Theater. Burns and Allen won their timeslot, but the show would still move to Monday evenings in January of 1945.…
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Breaking Walls: The Podcast on the History of American Network Radio Broadcasting

Support Breaking Walls at https://www.patreon.com/thewallbreakers In October of 1944 Lum and Abner was airing as a weekday, fifteen minute serial. In New York the show aired over WJZ. The show was syndicated out of KECA in Los Angeles. KECA was the flagship station of the newly independent Blue Network, which would soon become ABC. Chester Lauck was Lum Edwards. Norris Goff was Abner Peabody. Set in the fictional hamlet of Pine Ridge, Arkansas, in real life Lauck and Goff disliked the term “hillbilly,” believing it mocked people unfairly. The biggest building in Pine Ridge was Dick Huddleston’s, who ran the general store and post office. Across the road was the blacksmith shop, run by Caleb Weehunt. Next door Mose Moots’ barbershop. Above the barbershop was the lodge hall, where the town council met and the Pine Ridge Silver Comet Band practiced. Next to the tonsorial emporium was Luke Spears’s Lunch Room. A short distance down the road from Luke’s place was the Jot ’Em Down Store, run by Lum Edwards and Abner Peabody. On Halloween in 1944 the duo discussed Halloween pranks.…
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Breaking Walls: The Podcast on the History of American Network Radio Broadcasting

Support Breaking Walls at https://www.patreon.com/thewallbreakers Despite its west-coast regional status for most of its days. The Whistler had one of radio’s best-known crime-show formats and one of the longest runs. The signature ranks with radio’s greatest, playing perfectly into the host’s “man of mystery” role. Like the Shadow and the Mysterious Traveler, the Whistler was a voice of fate, baiting the guilty with his smiling malevolence. Originally taking to the air May 16th, 1942 from CBS’s KNX studios in Los Angeles, The show opened with echoing footsteps and a lingering whistle, destined to become one of the all-time haunting melodies. The whistle got louder, then louder, finally blending with the orchestra in a high-pitched sting. When the Whistler spoke he said, “I am the Whistler, and I know many things, for I walk by night. I know many strange tales, many secrets hidden in the hearts of men and women who have stepped into the shadows. Yes, I know the nameless terrors of which they dare not speak.” The unstated theme that ran the distance was “this could happen to you.” The Whistler told stories of the everyday gone haywire, of common men driven to murder and then being tripped up in a cunning double-twist. These were not mysteries: the identity of the killer was never in doubt, from the first hint that the deed must be done until the moment when the killer trapped himself. The stories were told by the Whistler from the killer’s viewpoint, the narration done in the unusual second-person, present tense. In the earliest days, producer J. Donald Wilson sometimes had the Whistler engage in open dialogue with the characters, the host playing the conscience, arguing with the murderer and goading him to the inevitable doom. The final act was not played out, but was summarized by the Whistler in an epilogue as, like the Shadow, he laughed and sealed the killer’s fate with a few terse lines of plot twist. One of the first changes made by George Allen when he arrived as director in 1944 was to fully dramatize that closing turnabout. This was far more satisfying. The Whistler remained the great omniscient storyteller of the air, for the Shadow had long since become his own hero, and the Mysterious Traveler never packed quite the same punch. The voice was an unforgettable tenor, the message dripping with grim irony. “It all worked out so perfectly, didn't it, Roger,” he would coo, while listeners waited for the shoe to drop. This would come in “the strange ending to tonight’s story,” the little epilogue when the finger of fate struck, some fatal flaw of character or deficiency in the master plan that was so obvious that everyone had overlooked it. By October 30th, 1944 Signal Oil was sponsoring the program with the supporting cast being made up of Hollywood’s famous character actors, like Cathy and Elliott Lewis, Joseph Keams. Betty Lou Gerson, Wally Maher, John Brown, Hans Conried, Gerald Mohr, Lurene Tuttle, and Jeanette Nolan. Dorothy Roberts, whistled the notes. On that night The Whistler took to the air with “The Beloved Fraud.”…
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Breaking Walls: The Podcast on the History of American Network Radio Broadcasting

Support Breaking Walls at https://www.patreon.com/thewallbreakers The Hour of Charm, radio’s “most-celebrated all-girl orchestra” first took to the air on May 18th, 1934 over CBS. In the fall of 1944 it was airing on NBC for General Electric, Sundays at 10PM eastern time. The brainchild of Phil Spitalny, The Spitalnys had a deep musical heritage. Immigrants from Russia, they had settled in Cleveland, where Phil Spitalny and his brother Leopold played in local bands. By the time Phil was 30, Spitalny had directed a 50-piece symphony orchestra in Boston, had led bands in theaters, on radio, and in recording sessions, and had just completed a successful world tour. The Hour of Charm’s featured player was Evelyn Kaye Klein, billed as “Evelyn and Her Magic Violin.” The orchestra specialized in familiar music, played in a style described by Spitalny as a cross between popular and symphonic. All of the girls sang in chorus, some solo, and all were proficient on more than one instrument. Jan Baker could play a dozen instruments; she took on the tuba and mastered it when Spitalny could find no woman to play it even after a nationwide search. Spitalny’s hiring practices were influenced by voice and good looks, but musicianship was always his first consideration. “No performer is hired who can’t give a finished rendition of two sonatas and two concetti, who hasn’t the individual gifts of rhythm and melodic perception, who can’t read music fluently, and who hasn’t had a good deal of experience,” said his 1940 Current Biography entry. He was also looking for “sweetness and charm,” and it is doubtful that any other orchestra has ever been so stringently governed. The girls were not allowed to marry: they signed contracts to that effect, agreeing to stay single for two years. They wore uniform attire, with the exception of the three principals, Evelyn, Vivien, and Maxine. They wore evening gowns, with no jewelry, their hair styled in “long, soft bobs.” No one would weigh more than 122 pounds. Curbs were enforced on personal behavior, with Evelyn in charge of backstage disputes and Spitalny handling such professional matters as musical arrangements, themes, and dress. “Associations in the all-girl orchestra are much like sorority life,” wrote Evelyn in a 1942 Radio Life article. A committee of five was formed to pass judgment on all offstage matters, including dating. “Whenever a girl wants to go out, she goes to the committee and says, ‘I want a date with Mr. So-and-So.’ They ask her who the man is, what he does, and for references. If he passes muster, she gets her date. But if the committee feels that it would hurt the orchestra for a member to be seen with that man, the engagement doesn’t materialize.” Spitalny staunchly defended the musicianship of all his girls, and he once bet bandleader Abe Lyman $1,000 that they could outplay Lyman’s all-male group. The women had professional pride, said Spitalny: they didn’t have problems with alcohol, and, when the war broke out, his was the only band in the land that didn’t have trouble with the draft. He continued lecturing newcomers about the need to be good; they had to be better than their male counterparts to be taken seriously. If a man muffed a note, nobody cared; if a woman did, the attitude was “well, what can you expect?” The show opened and closed with hymns, especially during the war. The opening theme was “The American Hymn of Liberty,” the closer, often a favored hymn of someone in the service. This gave the show a serious, almost solemn air. The closing signature blended out of the theme and into the song We Must Be Vigilant, sung by the orchestra to the tune of American Patrol. Spitalny married Evelyn in June 1946. They lived in Miami, where Spitalny died in 1970.…
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Breaking Walls: The Podcast on the History of American Network Radio Broadcasting

Support Breaking Walls at https://www.patreon.com/thewallbreakers Created by Irving Brecher, the best-known incarnation of The Life of Riley came to the air Sunday January 16th, 1944 at 3PM eastern time over The Blue Network. It starred William Bendix as Chester A. Riley and was sponsored by The American Meat Institute. Riley was easily exasperated, but difficult to defeat. The difficulty increased by degrees with the flimsiness of Riley’s cause. Bendix was born on January 14th, 1906 in Manhattan, New York. He came out of the New Jersey Federal Theater project, a latecomer to the profession, beginning at thirty when the grocery store he was running went out of business. His film career began in 1942. He was often the hooligan with the heart of gold. Riley was his most famous character. It co-starred the previously heard Hans Conreid as Uncle Baxter with John Brown as both Riley’s friend Gillis and the undertaker, Digger O’Dell. Paula Winslowe was Riley’s long-suffering wife Peg. Sharon Douglas was Babs and Conrad Binyon played Junior. The Life of Riley proved popular enough that in June of 1944 it was moved to Sundays at 10PM. When the series returned for the fall, its October 1944 rating was 4.7. On Sunday, October 29th, 1944 Junior was dared by his friends to visit the haunted Sherman house. He ropes Riley into going with him. Jeanette Nolan guest-stars on the show as Mrs. Sherman, who isn’t a ghost, but is in fact a widow who lost her husband in the War and became a shut-in afterwards. Beginning in the fall of 1945 it moved to NBC where it was a mainstay for six seasons. It peaked in 1947-48 with a rating of 20.1, good for fourteenth overall that year. A TV version debuted in October of 1949, first with Jackie Gleason as Riley and later with William Bendix playing the familiar role for five years.…
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Breaking Walls: The Podcast on the History of American Network Radio Broadcasting

Support Breaking Walls at https://www.patreon.com/thewallbreakers Edgar Bergen came to the attention of American audiences on Rudy Vallée’s NBC Royal Gelatin Hour on December 17th, 1936. Five months later NBC gave Bergen his own show Sundays at 8PM. He was an instant smash hit. Don Ameche worked with Bergen in those years. He was emcee on December 12th, 1937 when Mae West was the guest for an innuendo heavy skit called “Adam and Eve.” Over the next six seasons his show was never rated lower than fourth. Twice it was the country’s top program. In October of 1944 Bergen’s rating was 22.5. Roughly eighteen million people tuned in on October 29th when the guest was Orson Welles for the first of back-to-back appearances on the show.…
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Breaking Walls: The Podcast on the History of American Network Radio Broadcasting

Support Breaking Walls at https://www.patreon.com/thewallbreakers On the October 29th, 1944 episode of The Jack Benny Program, an Allen's Alley spoof rekindles Benny's love/hate relationship with Fred Allen. This episode had a rating of 19.8. Roughly sixteen million people tuned in.
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Breaking Walls: The Podcast on the History of American Network Radio Broadcasting

Support Breaking Walls at https://www.patreon.com/thewallbreakers Well, we’re back where we started, but we’re not the same. I mentioned at the beginning of this episode that when you run on the treadmill to oblivion, you don’t always go where you want, but you get in shape doing it. When I began Breaking Walls ten years ago I envisioned it as a sit-down interview show. Over time it slowly morphed into on the scene reporting, and eventually a history of U.S. Network Radio Broadcasting. When I made this programming switch permanent in February of 2018 I didn’t know how long I’d be able to keep it up. In many ways these documentaries have been a means of teaching myself the business of broadcasting in order to use the past to inform the present. They’ve also been about teaching myself how to be a good writer, sound designer, and narrator. My life has undergone many changes in the past six and a half years. I now have paid work in the world of audio thanks to Breaking Walls. This paid work is encroaching upon my time and honestly, it’s paid. It needs to be a priority. This is a long-winded way of saying that I need to take a break from the treadmill. So, for the next three months Breaking Walls is undergoing a change. Don’t worry! I’m still going to put out new content. You’ll still see an episode 156 of Breaking Walls, which, incidentally, will feature shows from Halloween 1944. Rather than contain my narration and sound design as one giant documentary, they’ll be standalone radio shows with the usual information written into the description of each track. I’m also going to continue to post the Breaking Walls archives to Youtube, and post additional content on Patreon.com/TheWallBreakers. On Patreon the next episode will drop early as one giant playlist of shows. I’ve been on the fence about how and when to pause. Eighty months is a long time to run on any treadmill without a break. Given that this was the tenth anniversary of the launch of Breaking Walls, I feel like it’s a good time to give myself that break. You never know, when you close one door — even temporarily like this is — what good things can come in through a window or a side. My plan is to come back to documentary-style episodes of Breaking Walls on January 1st, 2025. (Half Pause) The reading material used in today’s episode was: • On The Air — By John Dunning • Gleason's Second Honeymoon — By Pete Hammil • The Great One: The Life and Legend of Jackie Gleason — By William A. Henry • Network Radio Ratings — By Jim Ramsburg As well as articles and features from • Broadcasting Magazine • Ephemeral New York • The Library of Congress • Naval History and Heritage Command • The New York Times • The Sydney Morning Herald (Half Pause) On the interview front: • Don Ameche spoke with Chuck Schaden. Hear this full chat at Speakingofradio.com. • Mel Allen and Edgar Bergen spoke to Dick Bertel and Ed Corcoran for WTIC’s The Golden Age of Radio. Hear these interviews at Goldenage-WTIC.org • Norman Corwin spoke with John Dunning for his 71KNUS program from Denver. • Bob Hope spoke with Dick Cavett • Gene Tierney spoke with Mike Douglas • Fred Allen spoke with Tex McCrary and Jinx Falkenburg (Half Pause) I’d like to thank Chuck Schaden, the late Dick Bertel, the late John Dunning, and SPERDVAC. Without these people and their tremendous work I’d never have been able to do a single episode of Breaking Walls. I’d also like to thank Dr. Joseph Webb for opening the door for me into this world.…
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Breaking Walls: The Podcast on the History of American Network Radio Broadcasting

1 BW - EP155—012: New York And The 1944 Radio World—Fred Allen Christmas Night on Information Please 29:48
Support Breaking Walls at https://www.patreon.com/thewallbreakers On Christmas night, 1944, Fred Allen was one of the guests on Information Please when the show aired on NBC at 9:30PM. The Christmas broadcast came from the St. Albans Naval Hospital in Queens. The hospital was commissioned in 1943 on the site of a golf course. At its peak it housed more than forty-five hundred patients. After the war, the hospital workload increased, but in the spring of 1973, the Navy decommissioned the hospital and turned it over to the Veterans’ Administration. More recently it evolved into the Veterans Administration St. Albans Primary and Extended Care Facility. A portion of the hospital site became Roy Wilkins Park in the 1980s.…
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