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Inhalt bereitgestellt von Tamara Gonçalves, Tamara Gonsalves, and Students of Gender 305. Alle Podcast-Inhalte, einschließlich Episoden, Grafiken und Podcast-Beschreibungen, werden direkt von Tamara Gonçalves, Tamara Gonsalves, and Students of Gender 305 oder seinem Podcast-Plattformpartner hochgeladen und bereitgestellt. Wenn Sie glauben, dass jemand Ihr urheberrechtlich geschütztes Werk ohne Ihre Erlaubnis nutzt, können Sie dem hier beschriebenen Verfahren folgen https://de.player.fm/legal.
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Gender 305 Gender and International Human Rights
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Inhalt bereitgestellt von Tamara Gonçalves, Tamara Gonsalves, and Students of Gender 305. Alle Podcast-Inhalte, einschließlich Episoden, Grafiken und Podcast-Beschreibungen, werden direkt von Tamara Gonçalves, Tamara Gonsalves, and Students of Gender 305 oder seinem Podcast-Plattformpartner hochgeladen und bereitgestellt. Wenn Sie glauben, dass jemand Ihr urheberrechtlich geschütztes Werk ohne Ihre Erlaubnis nutzt, können Sie dem hier beschriebenen Verfahren folgen https://de.player.fm/legal.
Gender 305 Human Rights Conversation is a podcast by the University of Victoria Gender 305 students of 2022 and 2023. Topics span Abortion Rights, LGBTQ2S+ rights, gender-based discrimination, and gender-based violence through the lens of human rights. Thank you to Tamara Gonsalves and all the students of Gender 305, who have spent much time and effort to educate and bring these critical topics to the community. Tune in weekly for more conversations on human rights and international human rights developments. Music used in the introduction and outro is the track Wonder by respectful child recorded during CFUV's 2017 Basement Closet Session. https://cfuv.bandcamp.com/track/wonderSession
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Inhalt bereitgestellt von Tamara Gonçalves, Tamara Gonsalves, and Students of Gender 305. Alle Podcast-Inhalte, einschließlich Episoden, Grafiken und Podcast-Beschreibungen, werden direkt von Tamara Gonçalves, Tamara Gonsalves, and Students of Gender 305 oder seinem Podcast-Plattformpartner hochgeladen und bereitgestellt. Wenn Sie glauben, dass jemand Ihr urheberrechtlich geschütztes Werk ohne Ihre Erlaubnis nutzt, können Sie dem hier beschriebenen Verfahren folgen https://de.player.fm/legal.
Gender 305 Human Rights Conversation is a podcast by the University of Victoria Gender 305 students of 2022 and 2023. Topics span Abortion Rights, LGBTQ2S+ rights, gender-based discrimination, and gender-based violence through the lens of human rights. Thank you to Tamara Gonsalves and all the students of Gender 305, who have spent much time and effort to educate and bring these critical topics to the community. Tune in weekly for more conversations on human rights and international human rights developments. Music used in the introduction and outro is the track Wonder by respectful child recorded during CFUV's 2017 Basement Closet Session. https://cfuv.bandcamp.com/track/wonderSession
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Gender 305 Gender and International Human Rights
In this episode students focus on human trafficking in Canada, exploring how women are suppressed emotionally, spiritually, and physically which can inhibit them from reaching out for help, and from speaking up on their issues and experiences. Students explore how Indigenous women don't feel comfortable coming forward due to authority and distrust within prosecution and feel fearful or ashamed due to it being taboo. The main goal is to give publicity to this issue, and bring awareness to how colonial institutions within Canada neglect Indigenous women and girls leading them into unsafe situations. Unstable unaffordable housing, child welfare system, racism with the justice/penal system. References: Meaningful and Personal Reports: Sierra and Heidi Marshall https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/ottawa/human- trafficking-ontario-indigenous-akwesasne-survivor-2023-1.6760973 https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/nova-scotia/indigenous-women-trafficking-sexual-exploitatio n-1.6373597 Reports identified that sex labor trafficking are the most common forms of human trafficking in Canada https://www.canadiancentretoendhumantrafficking.ca/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/ENG-Hu man-Trafficking-Trends-in-Canada-%E2%80%93-2019-20-Report-Final-1.pdf Indigenous women and girls; migrants and new immigrants; 2SLGBTQI+ persons; children and youth in the child welfare system; those who are socially or economically disadvantaged: and factors such as language barriers, working in isolated/remote areas, lack of access to services and support Indigenous women are disproportionately affected by racialized violence in Canada through exposure to both historic and ongoing gender discrimination https://www.ourcommons.ca/Content/Committee/421/JUST/Brief/BR10002955/br-external/ NativeWomensAssociationOfCanada-e.pdf Quote: “Trafficking in person, also known as human trafficking, is often described as a modern-day form of slavery that is thought to affect every country worldwide either as a point or origin or destination” https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/n1/pub/85-002-x/2022001/article/00010-eng.htm https://bright.uvic.ca/d2l/le/content/308201/viewContent/2428290/View https://bright.uvic.ca/d2l/le/content/308201/topics/files/download/2428289/DirectFileTopicDo wnload Page 264 (paragraph 2) and page 267 (paragraph 1) https://bright.uvic.ca/d2l/le/content/308201/viewContent/2428291/View…
Summary of the episode: In this episode, students discuss Thailand as an example of how sex workers are treated in the global south. They compare Thailand’s illegal sex work industry to Canada’s, which operates under the Nordic model. We present jarring facts and statistics about the Thai sex industry, like the fact that the Thai sex industry contributes to an estimated 10%-12% of Thailand’s Gross Domestic Product (GDP) (Garrick, 2005). We will take an intersectional feminist approach to discuss different types of sex work protection and how their implementation creates a safer work environment for sex workers. The UN does recommend the nordic model in order to protect sex workers human rights and we will discuss how it would change the sex work industry in Thailand. The sex work industry is inherently gendered; therefore, we are taking a feminist and gender approach in order to fully understand the complexities of the industry. We will also take a decolonial approach to the history of the Thai sex industry to fully comprehend the impacts of the global North imperial project on Thailand. Further materials to be explored on this topic: If our audience wishes to learn more about Thailand’s sex industry after listening to our podcast, our group has found several interesting resources to recommend. First, we recommend Miss Bangkok: Memoirs of a Thai Prostitute by Bua Boonmee and Nicola Pierce. This is about the author's experience of being a Thai sex worker. In addition, we recommend listening to the podcast episode “Exploring Thailand’s Sex Industry” from Sex with Strangers. This episode includes interviews from Thai sex workers as well as interviews from the EMPOWER Foundation, an organization in Thailand dedicated to the education of sex workers and the empowerment of sex workers. Finally, we recommend watching “The Third Gender”, which is a documentary available on YouTube that explores Thailand’s transgender sex workers, which is an important topic that we were unable to discuss in depth. Sources: The Prostitution Problem: C. Benoit, M. Smith, M. Jansson, P. Heally, and D. Magnuson (article) Thailand's sex worker petition to decriminalize prostitution (article) UN Statement to Thailand (2018) Decriminalize Sex Work - Debunking the Nordic Model (article) Decriminalize Sex Work - Why Decriminalize (article) Decriminalization vs. Legalization; L. Shrage (article) Why Not Amend CEDAW: L. Baldez (article) Global Network of Sex Work Projects: Guide to CEDAW (article) Amnesty International publishes policy and research on protection of sex workers' rights (article) Convention for the Suppression of the Traffic in Persons and of the Exploitation of the Prostitution of Others (1949) Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women (1979) Convention for the Suppression of the Trafficking in Persons and of the Exploitation of the Prostitution of Others (1950) Brown, G. D. A., Lewandowsky, S., & Huang, Z. (2022). Social sampling and expressed attitudes: Authenticity preference and social extremeness aversion lead to social norm effects and polarization. Psychological Review, 129(1), 18–48. https://doi-org.ezproxy.library.uvic.ca/10.1037/rev0000342.supp (Supplemental) ExodusCryKC. (2020, March 13). Prostitution in Thailand | nefarious documentary clip. YouTube. Retrieved November 22, 2022, from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iIJ9dxtiv3g Jamnarnwej, W. (n.d.). Family law of Thailand. Thailand Law Forum: Family law of Thailand. Retrieved November 23, 2022, from http://thailawforum.com/articles/familywimol2.html OUYYANONT, P. (2012). Underdevelopment and Industrialisation in Pre-War Thailand. Australian Economic History Review, 52(1), 43–60. https://doi-org.ezproxy.library.uvic.ca/10.1111/j.1467-8446.2012.00340.x REYES, C. A. Z. Z. I. E. (n.d.). History of prostitution and sex trafficking in Thailand. End Slavery Now. Retrieved November 23, 2022, from https://www.endslaverynow.org/blog/articles/history-of-prostitution-and-sex-trafficking-in-thailand T. (2022, May 10). Thailand's sex industry - A brief history. Thaiger. Retrieved November 22, 2022, from https://thethaiger.com/video-podcasts/thailands-sex-industry-thaiger-stories Thailand. Hofstede Insights. (n.d.). Retrieved November 23, 2022, from https://www.hofstede-insights.com/country/thailand/#:~:text=With%20a%20score%20of%202 0%20Thailand%20is%20a%20highly%20collectivist%20country . Walker, W. C. (n.d.). Contagion how the sian RISIS pread - asian development bank. Asian Development Bank. Retrieved November 24, 2022, from https://aric.adb.org/pdf/edrcbn/edrcbn03.pdf Journal, T. A. P. (12AD). Military prostitution and the U.S. military in Asia. The Asia-Pacific Journal: Japan Focus. Retrieved November 23, 2022, from https://apjjf.org/-Katharine-H.S.-Moon/3019/article.html PGTVPhuket. (2022, May 10). Thailand's sex industry - A brief history. YouTube. Retrieved November 23, 2022, from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Lzp145ImERM U.S. Department of State. (2022, July 9). The United States...…
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Gender 305 Gender and International Human Rights
This podcast discusses gender-based violence against women in war-time, using the war in Ethiopia as an example. On 4 November 2020, war erupted in the Tigray, the war in Tigray resulted in a massive humanitarian crisis. Preliminary reports have shown that Tigrayan women and girls have experienced deliberate and organized widespread war-related gender-based violence, in which some were subjected to severe violence including gang-raping, and the insertion of foreign objects to their reproductive organs. According to the report of the Human Rights Watch (HRW), 2,204 survivors sought services for sexual violence at health facilities across Tigray. More than 10 thousand women and girls were victims of gender-based violence. Gender-based violence disproportionately impacts women and girls in violent conflict. Conflict can lead to higher rates of gender-based violence, such as arbitrary executions, torture, sexual assault, and forced marriages against women and girls. Sexual violence, including using it as a weapon of war, increasingly targets women and girls as its primary targets. Conflicts and unstable conditions worsen pre-existing discrimination practices against women and girls, putting them at greater risk for human rights abuses. Increased gender-based violence is a result of the general breakdown of the rule of law, the availability of small arms, the breakdown of social and family structures, and the "normalization" of gender-based violence as an additional component of pre-existing discrimination in conflict and post-conflict zones. Following a report in March of 2021 of persistent reports of grave human rights violations in Tigray, Ethiopia, the UN called for pointed urgent action to stop violence against women in the Tigray war in December of 2021. Despite this, little action has been taken and the abuse persists. The Ethiopian human rights commission-organization of the high commissioner of human rights released a joint report on the abuses, ensuring that victims would have the full support of the Ethiopian government and perpetrators would be brought to justice, with 2,204 women reporting abuses and many more going unreported. The report described women being raped in both rural and urban areas, in places of residence and shelter for the purpose of information extraction or revenge. This topic is linked to a history of female oppression in times of war and the fight against this, from the implementation of the Universal declaration of human rights following world war II and its evolvement as well as effectiveness to the Vienna declaration. Students explore classic feminist scholarship, such as Mackinnon’s argument that perpetrators use rape and forced reproduction with the purpose of forced ethnic cleansing due to ethnic aggression, with rape as a form of genocide projected on women. The term "violence against women" means any act of gender-based violence that results in, or is likely to result in, physical, sexual, or psychological harm or suffering to women, including threats of such acts, coercion or arbitrary deprivation of liberty, whether occurring in public or in private life. (Article 1). There are no geographic, cultural, societal, economic, or other limitations on sexual and gender-based violence against women and girls. It is a sort of violence committed because of gender disparities. Sexual and gender-based violence associated with war has a profoundly damaging impact on society both during and after a conflict. In an armed conflict situation, women are frequently the victims of widespread acts of sexual and gender-based abuse. In other words, women and girls are disproportionately targeted in conflicts, routinely raped, threatened, sexually and physically mistreated, coerced into having unwanted pregnancies, and/or killed. Globally, war-related sexual violence and violations of human rights are still common. During a conflict woman often experience violence, forced pregnancy, abduction, sexual abuse and slavery. Although the United Nation has designated Sexual and gender-based violence as war crimes in Article 8 of the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court, the situation of women in armed conflicts has been systematically neglected. Women's rights were significantly impacted by the suppression of dissent and conflicting approaches to human rights. References: Fisseha, G., Gebrehiwot, T. G., Gebremichael, M. W., Wahdey, S., Meles, G. G., Gezae, K. E., Legesse, A. Y., Asgedom, A. A., Tsadik, M., Woldemichael, A., Gebreyesus, A., Abebe, H. T., Haile, Y. A., Gezahegn, S., Aregawi, M., Berhane, K. T., Godefay, H., & Mulugeta, A. (2023). War-related sexual and gender-based violence in Tigray, Northern Ethiopia: a community-based study. BMJ Global Health, 8(7), e010270–. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2022-010270 What we do: Peace and security | UN Women – Headquarters Corradi, C., Marcuello-Servós, C., Boira, S., & Weil, S. (2016). Theories of femicide and their significance for social research. Current Sociology, 64(7), 975–995. https://doi.org/10.1177/0011392115622256 Accountability as Prevention, Ending Cycles of Sexual Violence in Conflict (Women and peace and security) - Security Council, 9016th Meeting | UN Web TV2 https://media.un.org/en/asset/k1d/k1dwkjiigx https://www.unwomen.org/sites/default/files/Headquarters/Attachments/Sections/Library/ Publications/2013/12/UN%20Women%20EVAW-ThemBrief_US-web-Rev9%20pdf.pdf Maphosa, R. (2021). The unreported war: tackling denialism and social stigma towards victims of armed conflict-related sexual and gender based violence. Stellenbosch Law Review, 32(1), 155–168. https://doi.org/10.47348/SLR/v32/i1a7…
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Gender 305 Gender and International Human Rights
When looking at these statistics, one is inclined to believe that all older adults are equally likely to experience some form of elder abuse, but that is unfortunately untrue. To fully understand the affected population, one must understand that women comprise 61% of the global population of 80 and over (World Population Aging, 2019). In most countries, this percentage increases with age; for example, in Canada, women make up 52% of seniors aged 65 to 74, 56% of seniors aged 75 to 84, and 68% aged 85 or older (Kembhavi, 2020). We will examine the subject of elder abuse through an intersectional feminist lens that aims to investigate the prevalence, the policy, and the discussion surrounding this complex subject. Our group chose this topic because we personally feel that elder abuse is an issue that is overshadowed within the realm of both national and international human rights discussions. When looked at through an intersectional feminist perspective, it becomes even clearer to us that older women are disproportionately more vulnerable to different kinds of elder abuse so this problem must not be addressed with gender-neutral language. Additionally, it must be said that elder abuse is mostly seen as an “invisible” problem which shouldn’t be the case. Older people, specifically those aged 65 years old and older, just in Canada alone, constitute almost 18.5% (based from collected data as of July 2021) of the total population in the country (Statistics Canada, 2022). When researched more thoroughly, elder abuse only becomes an “invisible” problem due to the stigma attached to reporting it (i.e., ageism) or the lack or incapability of the victims themselves to report the abuse (HealthLinkBC, 2022). In this episode, we explore who is affected by elder abuse and how race, gender, socioeconomic status, and ability contribute to elder abuse Show notes: Additional Resources: I Care A Lot (2020) dir. J Blakeson The Wolf at the Door: Undue Influence and Elder Financial Abuse (book) by Michael Hackard Music: ● Intro music by Lexin_Music from Pixabay ● Music by YVHNII from Pixabay ● Music by NaturesEye from Pixabay Bibliography: Dumont-Smith, C. (2002). Aboriginal elder abuse in Canada. Canadian Electronic Library, 1-15. https://canadacommons-ca.ezproxy.library.uvic.ca/artifacts/1218548/aboriginal-elder-abu se-in-canada/1771628/ on 06 Oct 2022. CID: 20.500.12592/357h3r. Elder Abuse - Introduction. (n.d.). Advocacy Center for the Elderly. http://www.advocacycentreelderly.org/elder_abuse_-_introduction.php HealthLink BC (2022, February). Abuse and Neglect of Older Adults: Understanding Gender Differences. Retrieved from https://www.healthlinkbc.ca/healthlinkbc-files/abuse-and-neglect-older-adults-understand ing-gender-differences. Kembhavi, R. (2012, November). Research note – Canadian seniors: A demographic profile. Elections Canada. https://www.elections.ca/content.aspx?section=res&dir=rec%2Fpart%2Fsen&document= index&lang=e. Lewis, H. (1998). Global intersections: critical race feminist human rights and inter/national black women. Maine Law Review, 50(2), 309–326. Felton, J., & Owczarzak, B. (2022, October 4). Sheriff: Woman covered in feces; caregiver charged with elder abuse. Fox5 Vegas. https://www.fox5vegas.com/2022/10/04/sheriff-woman-covered-feces-caregiver-chargedwith- elder-abuse/. Fast Facts: Preventing Elder Abuse |Violence Prevention|Injury Center. (2021, June 2). CDC. https://www.cdc.gov/violenceprevention/elderabuse/fastfact.html Reilly, N. (2019). Women, gender, and international human rights: Overview. In International Human Rights of Women (pp. 1–18). Springer Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-8905-3_23. 7 Statistics Canada. (2022). Older adults and population aging statistics. Retrieved from https://www.statcan.gc.ca/en/subjects-start/older_adults_and_population_aging. United Nations Human Rights Office of the High Commissioner. (2010, December 16). General recommendation no. 27 on older women and protection of their human rights. OHCHR. Retrieved October 10, 2022, from https://www.ohchr.org/en/documents/general-comments-and-recommendations/general-re commendation-no-27-older-women-and. United Nations Human Rights Office of the High Commissioner. (2021, June 30). OHCHR and older persons. OHCHR. Retrieved from https://www.ohchr.org/en/older-persons. United Nations Human Rights Office of the High Commissioner. (2022, June 14). UN experts urge states to address violence, abuse and neglect of older women. OHCHR. Retrieved from https://www.ohchr.org/en/press-releases/2022/06/un-experts-urge-states-address-violence -abuse-and-neglect-older-women. UN convention on the rights of older people: It's time for action. (n.d.). HelpAge International. Retrieved from https://www.helpage.org/what-we-do/un-convention/. UNDESA. (n.d.). Twelfth Session of the United Nations Open-ended Working Group on strengthening the protection of the human rights of older persons. The Division for Inclusive Social Development (DISD) is part of the Department of Economic and Social Affairs (DESA) of the United Nations Secretariat. Retrieved from https://social.un.org/ageing-working-group/twelfthsession.shtml. United Nations Principles for Older Persons. (n.d.). OHCHR. Retrieved from https://www.ohchr.org/en/instruments-mechanisms/instruments/united-nations-principlesolde r- persons. World Health Organization. (2022, June). Abuse of older people. Retrieved from https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/abuse-of-older-people. 8 World Population Aging 2019: Highlights. (2019). the United Nations. https://www.un.org/en/development/desa/population/publications/pdf/ageing/WorldPopul ationAgeing2019-Highlights.pdf…
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Gender 305 Gender and International Human Rights
This podcasts presents an overview on violence against women. Considering it a deeply concerning issue around the world and the ubiquity of this issue strengthens the need to research the ways in which women are not being protected. Many women experience violence daily and at many different levels. The laws and policies that are intended to protect women from violence may inadvertently perpetuate the problem by insufficient enforcement, lack of support, or not holding perpetrators accountable thereby ignoring the responsibility to keep women safe. Although many governments and organizations have taken large steps to address this issue, there are many ways that policies and laws can indirectly perpetuate violence against women such as, a lack of legal protection, discriminatory family laws, access to safe resources, and immigration policies. These factors are further discussed in depth in the podcast. Students define violence against women as including physical, sexual, physiological, reproductive, and financial abuse. We will explain how and why certain policies/laws can perpetuate violence against women.…
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Gender 305 Gender and International Human Rights
In this episode, students delve into the complex relationship between film and human rights. The conversation explores how films have been used as a medium to convey and conceptualize stories related to human rights, shedding light on issues, injustices, violence, and violations. Students examine the power of film to connect and empathize with individuals whose human rights have been violated and to critically assess the strengths and weaknesses of this approach. References: Specific Film Examples: ‘The Whistleblower” (2010) ‘Selma’ (2014) ‘On the Basis of Sex’ (2018 Snowpiercer (2014) The Swimmers (2022) ** Schindler’s List (1993) Hotel Rwanda (2004) ** Triangle of Sadness (2022) Persepolis (2007) Beasts of No Nation (2015) A Woman in Berlin (2008) Letters from Iwo Jima (2006) The Life and Death of Marsha P Johnson (2017) doc Gandhi (1982) The Hunting Ground (2015) American doc Localized sexual violence (university campuses) 13th (2016) American doc ** Scholarly Support: - Nash, Kate. 2022. Knowing through human rights films. Human Rights Quarterly, 44(1), pp.193-209. ISSN 0275-0392 [Article] - Tascon, S. (2012). Considering Human Rights Films, Representation, and Ethics: Whose Face? Human Rights Quarterly, 34(4), 864-883. © 2012 by The Johns Hopkins University Press. - Michelle Brown, Nicole Rafter, Genocide Films, Public Criminology, Collective Memory, The British Journal of Criminology, Volume 53, Issue 6, November 2013, Pages 1017–1032,https://doi.org/10.1093/bjc/azt043 - Derrick Alan Everett, Public Narratives + Reparations in Rwanda: On the Potential of Film as Promoter of International Human Rights + Reconciliation, 7 Nw. J. Int'l Hum. Rts. 103 (2009).http://scholarlycommons.law.northwestern.edu/njihr/vol7/iss1/4 - Stoddard, J., Marcus, A. S., & Hicks, D. (2017). Teaching difficult history through film. Taylor & Francis. - Hamblin, S. (2016). The Form and Content of Human Rights Film. The Radical Teacher, (104), 38-47. - Swimelar, S. (2014). Making human rights visible through photography and film. The SAGE. Handbook of Human Rights: Two Volume Set, 413.…
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Gender 305 Gender and International Human Rights
The overarching subject of this podcast is gender inequality in the United Arab Emirates (UAE), focusing on the question: to what extent can gender inequality organizations function in places of extreme inequality? We chose the United Arab Emirates specifically due to our close connection with someone who lives there. All of our group members are living in Canada where gender equality is more prevalent and widespread than in the Middle East. It is sometimes challenging to understand what other people in the world, specifically those in the UAE, face and the different challenges that they encounter daily. Women in the UAE face challenges in many aspects of their lives; gender inequality is multifaceted. Gender biases can hinder a woman’s career progression, and present her with barriers in accessing decision-making roles. Laws and regulations also restrict women’s autonomy. Often, women need a male guardian or male consent when making decisions such as marriage. Domestic abuse is also an on-going concern. Women who experience abuse may find challenge seeking help due to legal barriers, social stigmatization and lack of comprehensive support systems. This podcast discusses the gender inequality landscape in the UAE, including the cultural and historical factors that have created it. We will discuss the UAE’s legal framework as it is a major influence on discrimination against women. Gender inequality is a pervasive global issue that affects the social, economic and political lives of individuals, the UAE sheds light on how inequality manifests in different societies and throughout different cultures. This podcast looks to provide awareness and education about the laws and the deep-rooted history that has created the discrimination that women in the UAE experience throughout their lives, and how this affects those advocating for change. This topic has been chosen to broaden our understanding of the feminist movement and the shape that it takes in countries where gender inequality is far more prevalent than what we experience day-to-day in Canada. We have chosen to examine the United Arab Emirates, both for its low ranking in gender equality, as well as for our personal connection to people living in the UAE. Students ground their analysis in a non-Eurocentric perspective that approaches the material within the cultural and social context of the UAE. In evaluating the UAE’s response to CEDAW using feminist theory, Students argue that much of this inequality comes from legislation that is inherently discriminatory to women. To explore and evaluate this statement, students dissected specific articles that, even after amendment in response to CEDAW, continue to discriminate against women.…
Technology is more prevalent today than it has ever been (Heo et al., 2021). With the current COVID-19 pandemic, technology itself has progressed at such an extensive rate around schools, work, and almost all methods of communications transitioning to be online (Heo et al., 2021). Because of this technological reformation into our everyday lives, it is easy to assume that everyone has had experience with, and (at least) some limited knowledge of, computers. Using this assumption, we first connect our larger idea of Artificial Intelligence to the more simplistic everyday use of technology, such as one’s smartphone or computer. We also offer a short definition of machine learning while, additionally, expressing the various means through which complex algorithms can be adapted to process and analyze human data beyond that which we may have seen on our smartphones. Due to the pandemic restrictions, University students have become increasingly familiar with chat rooms, take for example, one of the most popular apps, Discord. Along with many other social media platforms, Discord has become highly valued by university students as a way to connect with other students in the same university, faculty, and classes, even when not physically together. However, when discussing technology, it is easy to go down a dark path with a seemingly unlimited amount of misinformation. Therefore, we emphasize that it is highly advised to take the information that we are providing and complement such sources with your own research. Overall, it is vital to check where you source information from, especially, concerning technology. Moreover, pay close attention to those sponsoring the research, the background of the institution conducting the research and, lastly, approach such resources with an objective mind. Content Warning: This episode contains content that may be alarming to some listeners. We touch on various examples of violence against women in the context of artificial intelligence. Please take care of yourself. References Facebook and the engagement based model ● New York Times, Rabbit Hole, podcast about the mental health dangers of the engagement based model, and online radicalization: https://www.nytimes.com/column/rabbit-hole ● Center for Humane Technology: https://www.humanetech.com/ ● Your Undivided Attention podcast: https://www.humanetech.com/podcast ● Facebook’s engagement method - Predicting Consumers Engagement on Facebook Based on What and How Companies Write. Journal of Intelligent & Fuzzy Systems, 39(2), 2365–2377. https://doi.org/10.3233/JIFS-179897 ● COVID’s impact in technology – Enhancing learning engagement during COVID‐19 pandemic: Self‐efficacy in time management, technology use, and online learning environments. Journal of Computer Assisted Learning, 37(6), 1640–1652. https://doi.org/10.1111/jcal.12603 Myanmar conflict ● Facebook’s actions on Myanmar: https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/news/2022/09/myanmar-facebooks-systems - promoted-violence-against-rohingya-meta-owes-reparations-new-report/ Oppressive ai framework ● Notmy.ai Oppressive Ai Framework: https://notmy.ai/news/oppressive-a-i-feminist-categories-to-understand-its-politic al-effects/ ● Notmy.ai Latin America mapping project: https://notmy.ai/mapping-of-projects/ ● Racist chatbots: https://mashable.com/article/meta-facebook-ai-chatbot-racism-donald-trump ● The Good Robot podcast Cambridge site: https://www.gender.cam.ac.uk/technology-gender-and-intersectionality-research - project/the-good-robot-podcast ● The Good Robot, Catherine Dignazio on Data Feminism: https://podcasts.apple.com/ca/podcast/catherine-dignazio-on-data-feminism/id1 570237963?i=1000524618296 https://open.spotify.com/episode/0l4la6AFwZFISvXJVDUNwZ?si=lPEBWeOLTVGUh 3Fis-MceQ ● Radical AI, Feminist AI 101 with Elenor Drage and Kerry Mackereth (hosts of The Good Robot Podcast): https://podcasts.apple.com/ca/podcast/feminist-ai-101-with-eleanor-drage-and-k erry-mackereth/id1505229145?i=1000523884460 https://open.spotify.com/episode/2VBJ2xKzvRFEDli3QHIaK5?si=gCnKPJAyTZWaLxq Tb_PXiQ ● Radical AI episode Resistance Against the Tech to Prison Pipeline with the Coalition for Critical Technology: https://open.spotify.com/episode/5sRw1LiT77i5iKWjK2I79k?si=Y_EcwSalQZOlugJr prhEXw ● How algorithmic policing is used in Canada today: https://citizenlab.ca/2020/09/algorithmic-policing-in-canada-explained/ ● MIT Tech Review podcast, In Machines We Trust, Who Watches AI Watching Students: https://www.technologyreview.com/2022/06/29/1057103/podcast-who-watches - ai-watching-students/ Feminist app Mumkin ● Mumkin website, links to other media: https://www.mumkinapp.com/media ● The Good Robot, Feminist App Design with Priya Goswami: https://podcasts.apple.com/ca/podcast/priya-goswami-on-feminist-app-design/id 1570237963?i=1000523813215 https://open.spotify.com/episode/6KOs7udAs85Myj6HooLTbd?si=z1YSGzl3Qc6Xiu M7Um182A International legal solutions ● United Nations Declaration of Human Rights (1948) https://www.un.org/en/about-us/universal-declaration-of-human-rights ● The Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women and Girls (1979) https://www.ohchr.org/sites/default/files/Documents/ProfessionalInterest/cedaw .pdf ● The United ...…
Our podcast's central focus is on Indigenous women's rights and the pervasive issue of gender-based violence. We specifically concentrate on combating violence against Indigenous women and girls in Canada and how these endeavors intersect with international law and policies. Despite the existence of international human rights laws and conventions, including the United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples, the Vienna Declaration, and the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women, there are significant challenges and gaps in ensuring the protection of Indigenous women's rights and the eradication of gender-based violence. The devastating consequences stemming from these challenges demand immediate attention and action. Concerted efforts must be made to address these issues comprehensively and effectively. Gender-based violence against Indigenous women and girls is universal, and addressing it needs to be a priority. Vulnerable people and communities need to be protected, and government/officials need to be held accountable. As mentioned earlier, Canada has signed various conventions and treaties. The ongoing violence directed at Indigenous women; indicates they have not followed through on upholding these. As a first world country, this demonstrates to others that this is not a priority and lays a foundation for other countries that they can continue to neglect human rights. By raising awareness, we hope to encourage others to push for action, demand change, and support initiatives that promote gender equality and protect marginalized communities. References Buffie, N. (2023, September 17). ‘Search the landfill’ protests planned across Canada for Monday. Global News. https://globalnews.ca/news/9967221/search-the-landfill-protests-planned-canada/ CBC News. (2018, September 26). Missing and Murdered: The Unsolved Cases of Indigenous Women and Girls. https://www.cbc.ca/missingandmurdered/ McDiarmid, J. (2019). Highway of Tears: A true story of racism, indifference and the pursuit of justice for missing and murdered Indigenous women and girls. Doubleday Canada. https://www.penguinrandomhouse.ca/books/548115/highway-of-tears-by-jessica-mcdiarmid/9 780385687584 Meeches, L., Irving, K., Gibson, R. (Executive Producers). (2016-2019). Taken [TV Docu-series]. Eagle Vision; CBC Gem. https://gem.cbc.ca/taken Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights. (2007). United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples (UNDRIP). UN General Assembly, A/RES/71/32. https://www.ohchr.org/sites/default/files/Documents/Issues/IPeoples/UNDRIPManualForNHRIs.pdf Smiley, M. (Director). (2015). Highway of Tears. [Film] Finesse Films & Paracas Independent Films. https://www.imdb.com/title/tt2175928/?ref_=adv_li_tt Snyder, E., Napoleon, V., & Borrows, J. (2015). Gender and Violence: Drawing on Indigenous Legal Resources. U.B.C Law Review, 48(2) 593-654. The World Conference on Human Rights Vienna. (1993). Vienna Declaration and Programme of Action. UN General Assembly, A/CONF.157/23. https://www.ohchr.org/en/instruments-mechanisms/instruments/vienna-declaration-and-programme-action Tsosie, R. (2010). "Indigenous Women and International Human Rights Law: The Challenges of Colonialism, Cultural Survival, and Self-Determination.” UCLA Journal of International Law and Foreign Affairs, 15(1), 187-238. United Nations General Assembly. (1979). Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW). United Nations, Treaty Series, vol. 1249, 1-10. https://www.ohchr.org/en/instruments-mechanisms/instruments/convention-elimination-all-forms-discrimination-against-women…
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This podcast explores how Indigenous women have and still are having their rights violated and how these violations are not being addressed by the colonial government. The fact that the rights of Indigenous women come second to human rights, and how they are treated like “add ons.” We hope to provide information and discuss resources to inform people about not only the issue but how to get involved in meaningful ways that support Indigenous women and their rights. We discuss the importance of using a gendered lens in order to see the whole scope of the issues surrounding violence against Indigneous women in Canada. Some topics our group debates involve man camps for pipeline projects currently taking place in Indigenous communities. Man camps create a violent space for Indigenous women because of the increased number of attacks in the locations where the camps are set up. The colonial Canadian government has plans to expand pipeline projects which inevitably leads to an increase in man camps in and around Indigenous peoples land and thus leads to an increase in violent attacks on Indigenous women in those areas. Framing the relevance to the fact that capitalism is more important than Indigenous Women in the colonial mind. We also talk about The Red Dress Movement as a statement of bringing awareness to the violence on Indigenous women's bodies and we will therefore expand on ideas surrounding that movement. We will also discuss the ever-growing number of missing and murdered Indigenous women and girls along a stretch of highway in British Columbia known as the highway of tears in relation to the Missing and Murdered Indigenous Women and Girls Report (MMIGW+2S). Our group will also explore the topic as it relates to the ongoing work on the Truth and Reconciliation Commission 94 Calls to Action, and the fact that only a few of the recommendations have been put into place and practice. References Johnstone, R. (2006). Feminist Influences on the United Nations Human Rights Treaty Bodies. Human Rights Quarterly, 28(1), 148–185. https://doi.org/10.1353/hrq.2006.0005 Kuokkanen, R. (2012). Self-Determination and Indigenous Women's Rights at the Intersection of International Human Rights. Human Rights Quarterly: A Comparative and International Journal of Social Sciences, Humanities, and Law. 34(1), 225-250. https://heinonline.org/HOL/Page?handle=hein.journals/hurq34&id=1&collection=journals&index=# National Inquiry Into Missing and Murdered Indigenous Women and Girls. (2019, May 29). Final report. MMIWG. Retrieved September 28, 2022, from https://www.mmiwgffada.ca/final-report/ Reilly, N. (2019). Women, Gender, and International Human Rights: Overview. In International Human Rights of Women (pp. 1–18). Springer Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-8905-3_23 Zwingel, S. (2013). International Feminist Strategies: Strengths and Challenges of the Rights-Based Approach. Politics & Gender, 9(3), 344–351. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1743923X13000226…
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Gender 305 Gender and International Human Rights
We have chosen the topic of gender violence as a human rights issue because it is widespread and global. We are interested in discussing gender violence from a theoretical feminist lens to capture the complexity and intersectionality involved in gender violence as a human rights issue in a way that other theoretical perspectives cannot. As MacKinnon states, “what happens to women is either too particular to be universal or too universal to be particular, meaning either too human to be female or too female to be human” (Mackinnon, p.142), which showcases the importance of centering gender violence as a human rights issue. We believe it is important to bring attention to the frequent and detrimental impacts of gender violence to bring awareness to an issue that impacts half the global population. Historically, international human rights documents and policies have failed to acknowledge the rights and needs of women and non-binary identities. While significant progress has been made and international committees such as CEDAW are contributing to the diversification of international human rights, a disparity remains between international human rights and the people they claim to represent. Among many other experiences specific to women and non-binary identities, gender violence and the inequalities that perpetuate this type of violence lack representation within international instruments. From a gender perspective, we can understand the pressing issue of gendered violence occurring both nationally and internationally and identify the connection between gender inequality and gender violence and how they create, uphold, and perpetuate each other. In our podcast discussions, we argue that the reality and effects of gender violence must be centered on the formation of women’s international human rights and must remain relevant within international instruments to create a foundation for reports of violence to be made effectively. Our discussion of international human rights from a gender perspective aims to emphasize the connection between gender violence and human rights and how they should not be separated, as well as the need for policy and protection against gender violence in both the public and private sectors of life. To deepen and make our conversation more concrete, we discuss the Missing and Murdered Indigenous Women and Girls (MMIWG) in Canada as our. Indigenous women and girls in Canada are more likely to experience violence, rape, and murder than non-Indigenous women (Statistics Canada, 2022). The MMIWG is a current example of gender violence that is occurring in Canada. We bring more awareness to MMIWG as well as tie the concepts of gender violence together through this ongoing and current case study. References Canadian Women’s Foundation Podcast. (2020-2022). Alright, Now What? https://canadianwomen.org/podcast/ MacKinnon, C.A., (2007). Crimes of war and crimes of peace. Are woman human? And other international dialogues. United States of America: Harvard University Press. National Inquiry into Missing and Murdered Indigenous Women and Girls. (2019). Reclaiming Power and Place: The Final Report of the National Inquiry into Missing and Murdered Indigenous Women and Girls. https://www.mmiwg-ffada.ca/final-report / TEDx talks. (July 18, 2016). We are more than murdered and missing. Tamara Bernard. TEDxThunderBay. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fylLSRQ5kx8 United Nations Human Rights. (2022). What Are Human Rights? United Nations Human Rights Office of the High Commissioner. https://www.ohchr.org/en/what-are-human-rights Zwingel, Susanne (2013). "International Feminist Strategies: Strengths and Challenges of the Rights-Based Approach." Politics & Gender, 9: 344-351. https://www-cambridge-org.ezproxy.library.uvic.ca/core/journals/politics-and-gender/article/in ternational-feminist-strategies-strengths-and-challenges-of-the-rightsbased-approach/B251B7B F19E8045AAC3E6CF542E31CCA…
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Gender 305 Gender and International Human Rights
Often language employed within universal laws are inaccessible to the public and can only be understood by those retaining a high level of selective education, which is often privatized. Hence, the ability to comprehend human rights treaties becomes limited, rights become unrecognized to the general public, and the knowledge of individual rights remains undisclosed. Subsequently, wrongdoings committed by the state can easily be exonerated, due to the transgressions remaining shrouded. The United Nations (UN) Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide (UN, 1948) is a central document in international human rights that provides the language to define genocide globally – or at least within its signatory countries. In 1952, Canada ratified the convention and has since integrated its own definition of genocide within its criminal code (UN Treaty, n.d.). The definition found in the Canadian criminal code is notably influenced by the one offered by the UN (1948) but is surprisingly excluding important aspects – points (b), (d), and (e) – of the latter cited below: In the present Convention, genocide means any of the following acts committed with intent to destroy, in whole or in part, a national, ethnical, racial or religious group, as such: (a) Killing members of the group; (b) Causing serious bodily or mental harm to members of the group; (c) Deliberately inflicting on the group conditions of life calculated to bring about its physical destruction in whole or in part; (d) Imposing measures intended to prevent births within the group; (e) Forcibly transferring children of the group to another group. (p.1) In this podcast, we explore how language inclusions and exclusions within legal documentation influences how a country addresses internal issues. More specifically, how has the omission of these three definitions of genocide influenced Canada, its judicial system, and its cultural and national’s reaction to incidents of violence within the country? We believe language and culture are tightly intertwined. Therefore, it is interesting to consider how this linguistic exclusion relates to Canada’s image on the international stage as a peacekeeping nation with a cultural ‘mosaic’, a nation that promotes and accepts multiculturalism (Dorn, 2005; Viau, 2018). In our discussion, we address the impact of this decision on the Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Canada, including the coercive sterilization of Indigenous women and the Missing and Murdered Indigenous Women and Girls. Was this omission a way for Canada to abdicate itself from legal guilt? Additionally, could this linguistic exclusion have an impact on the State’s reaction or inaction to other violent acts such as the implementation of pipelines, national access to abortion clinics, and the ‘Millennial Scoop’? References for audience A legal analysis of genocide: Supplementary report of the National Inquiry into Missing and Murdered Indigenous Women and Girls. Retrieved from https://www.mmiwg-ffada.ca/wp-content/uploads/2019/06/Supplementary-Report_Genocide. pdf National Inquiry into Missing and Murdered Indigenous Women and Girls. (2019). Lexicon of terminology. https://www.mmiwg-ffada.ca/wp-content/uploads/2019/06/MMIWG_Lexicon_FINAL_ENFR.pdf References A legal analysis of genocide: Supplementary report of the National Inquiry into Missing and Murdered Indigenous Women and Girls. Retrieved from https://www.mmiwg-ffada.ca/wp-content/uploads/2019/06/Supplementary-Report_Genocide. pdf Criminal code, RSC 1985, c. C - 46, § 318(2), (1985). Ottawa, ON. Retrieved from https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/acts/c-46/section-318.html Dorn, A. W. (2005). Canadian peacekeeping: Proud tradition, strong future? Canadian Foreign Policy Journal, 12(2), 7-32. https://doi.org/10.1080/11926422.2005.9673396 Government of Canada. (n.d.). Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Canada. Retrieved from https://www.rcaanc-cirnac.gc.ca/eng/1450124405592/1529106060525 MacKinnon, C. A. (2007). Are women human? And other international dialogues. Harvard University Press. National Inquiry into Missing and Murdered Indigenous Women and Girls. (2019). Lexicon of terminology. https://www.mmiwg-ffada.ca/wp-content/uploads/2019/06/MMIWG_Lexicon_FINAL_ENFR.pdf Snyder, E., Napoleon, V., & J. Borrows. (2015). Gender and violence: Drawing on indigenous legal resources. U.B.C. Law Review, 48(2), 593-654. United Nations (UN). (n.d.) Treaty collection: Status of treaties. Retrieved from https://treaties.un.org/Pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=IND&mtdsg_no=IV-1&chapter=4&clang=_e n United Nations (UN). (1948). Convention on the prevention and punishment of the crime of genocide. Treaty Series, 78, 1-4. https://www.un.org/en/genocideprevention/documents/atrocity-crimes/Doc.1_Convention%20 on%20the%20Prevention%20and%20Punishment%20of%20the%20Crime%20of%20Genocide.p df United Nations (UN). (2007). United Nations declaration on the rights of Indigenous peoples. Retrieved from https://www.un.org/development/desa/indigenouspeoples/wp-content/uploads/sites/19/2018 /11/UNDRIP_E_web.pdf The World Conference on Human Rights in Vienna. (1993, June 25). Vienna Declaration and Programme of Action. Retrieved on October 10, 2022 from https://www.ohchr.org/en/instruments-mechanisms/instruments/vienna-declaration-and-progr amme-action Viau, Y. (2018). Multiculturalism: Mosaic or melting pot. https://accultura.com/en/multiculturalism-mosaic-or-melting-pot/…
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In this episode, students explicitly excavate the Yogyakarta principles, looking at the barriers to Canadian and International implementation. Students use different gender perspectives on the Yogyakarta interview/conversation style to elicit authentic descriptions of experiences. References The Transgender Archives https://www.uvic.ca/transgenderarchives/index.php The Humans Rights Watch Organization https://www.hrw.org/world-report/2016/country-chapters/africa-americas-asia-europe/ central-asia-middle-east/north-0 and https://www.hrw.org/news/2015/10/26/nepals-third-gender-passport-blazes-trails…
This episode explores how language and inclusion of LGBTQ+ terminology in human rights, and women’s rights can be expanded. The students focus on trans and gender-variant people’s rights who have been left primarily out of UN human rights discussions. There are multiple ways this topic is relevant, from student’s personal experiences and beliefs, through relevance to this course and the world stage. Students discuss why language around gender should be expanded in human rights law, specifically through discussion on what has been done in the past to increase inclusivity surrounding gender in human rights law and what more could be done going forward. This is a critical topic to touch on in light of the ongoing institutional and interpersonal violence against gender-variant people, which is often perpetuated through legislation, as we have recently seen in the US. We want to bring attention to the limits inherent in terms like ‘violence against women’ in a world where there are other oppressed gender identities - explicitly bringing attention to trans, gender-variant and intersex people. This will be done through a brief discussion on the history of gender in United Nations human rights documents, followed by a more in-depth discussion surrounding inclusive terminology, the nuances of labels and the need to avoid western-centric terminology (LGBTQ vs SOGI). Through this discussion, we hope to come up with potential actions and changes that could reasonably be applied to future human rights law documentation. The frequent exclusion of LGBTQ+/SOGI people from human rights treaties and debates lies close to their heart. On a personal note, the heteronormative approach to human rights often categorizes them into the “women’s rights” category because they have a female body, which indirectly erases their gender identity. This combination of academic interests and real life connections and experiences has led her to have an interest in human rights outside of the white-cis-hetero standard. Student’s core argument is that a broader language of gendered violence that includes a range of trans and gender-variant people is essential to human rights discourses. These groups of people face direct and institutional violence, which stems from norms of cis heteropatriarchy and binary gender views. We need to talk about violence as gendered while recognizing that not all cases fall into the category of violence against women. For example, it is possible for violence is driven by misogyny and patriarchy to be aimed at individuals who are not women, i.e. transgender men or AFAB (assigned female at birth) non-binary people. There ought to be terminology to discuss the role of gendered oppression in the violence these groups face, without lumping it in as ‘violence against women’, since to label it as such misgenders the victims, a further disrespect added to the violence. We hope to tie this topic into the class through a similar theoretical framework by looking at human rights as a historical process where women’s rights have increased in inclusion and integration over time. This was achieved mainly due to feminist activism and pressure. Similar achievements can be made for trans and gender-variant people by connecting how language and identity inclusion can be expanded through discussion and activism. The episode use current events to ground propose conversations on human. A primary example is the anti-LGBTQ legislation that has been advanced at the state level across the United States. Trans athletes, bathrooms, youth access to hormone therapy, and other panics currently occupy the consciousness of Republican politicians, as evidenced by the number of bills predicated on those ‘issues’ in state governments (Legislation affection LGBTQ rights, n.d.). In light of such political trends, with the US’ situation as an example, it is essential to have the vocabulary to assert trans and gender-variant people’s rights as an essential pillar of human rights. Trans people also face more direct interpersonal violence, and we can make this more immediate to the listener by offering statistics. Of the 50 total trans fatalities in the United States in 2022, a majority were Black and Latinx women (Fatal Violence Against the Transgender, n.d.). The trend of violence toward trans people is present among other ethnicities and countries: Brazil leads the world in anti-trans violence, with 375 deaths between 2020 and 2021, 58% of whom were sex workers ( Pinheiro , 2022). Moreover, of course, these are only the killings that are known and reported. Given this pattern of violence, from which one can discern intersections of gender identity and race, it becomes more apparent to the audience that the vulnerability of trans women and other marginalized gender identities to harm needs to be recognized as a distinct set of violence that stems from cis heteropatriarchy. Furthermore, intersex people, who have reproductive or sexual anatomy that does not strictly align with female or male anatomy, for example they could have both ovarian and testicular tissues, or a penis with a urethral opening at the base, or an enlarged clitoris, are often left out of conversation about human rights even among LGBTQ topics. However, we now know that sexual development is complicated and does not exist in a strict two options realm. Instead, even biological sex exists on a spectrum. Unfortunately, corrective cosmetic surgeries are performed on infants when intersex babies’ genitals do not fit the limited female or male presentation. However, once the child is a teenager or adult, problems can arise where the child does not align with their assigned gender or feels considerable distress at knowing they had no autonomy over what happened to their body. Furthermore, most of these surgeries are cosmetical only and can cause medical and functional lifelong complications for the individual. For example, Kreukels et al. (2018) conducted a cross-sectional study in 14 European centers with 1,040 participants. They found that forced gender change in infancy caused lower self-esteem, anxiety, and depression in intersex people compared to cisgendered participants. Due to these human rights violations intersex activists from 30 organizations came together to draw up the Malta Declaration (2013), highlighting the demands and recommendations of the international intersex movement. In their declaration, they ask for intersex to be acknowledged as a naturally occurring variation in humans, not to treat intersex as a medical disorder and automatically conduct cosmetic surgeries on newborns, and not to force the child into strict male or female roles (Malta Declaration, 2013). During our podcast, we will cover the human rights issues of non-consensual cosmetic genital surgeries and existing and lacking international laws that protect intersex people’s rights. For more information on Intersex rights and activism, please visit the Intersex Society of North America (What Is Intersex, n.d.). In addition, the podcast gives a rundown on the terminology used for LGBTQ people. Starting with how there was no mention of any identities aside from cis-gendered heterosexual women and men in the original Universal Declaration of Human Rights (1948) and the Committee on the Elimination of Discriminations against Women (1979) and continuing to the highly influential Yogyakarta Principles (2007). These principles are a comprehensive document on the human rights of queer and gender-variant people, which spearheaded a focus on the gender identities previously left out of treaties and UN human rights discussions. After the Yogyakarta Principles, several reviews, such as the Universal Periodic Review of Treaty Bodies and Special Procedures (2008) and a report to the UN General Assembly (2018) started to disc...…
This podcast focuses on abortion rights in Canada: what is the history of abortion rights in Canada? Are there any legislated protections in place for individuals wanting/needing an abortion? How accessible are abortions? Also, what are some of the socio-economic impacts/pressures when it comes to getting an abortion? And how have Indigenous peoples been affected by changes in reproductive rights, have they even been considered? These are some of the core questions that we aim to answer in our podcast. Part of our conversation will touch on the debate that exists within discussions of abortion rights, pro-life vs. pro-choice, this division centers around the right a fetus versus the right of the pregnant individual. Finally, we will also draw comparisons between abortion rights in Canada and those in the United States, especially focusing on the actions of individual states following the over turning of Roe v. Wade. The purpose of our podcast is to bring awareness to the fact that since the 1988 ruling by the Supreme Court of Canada in the case of R v. Morgentaler, the act of giving or receiving an aboriton has been considered legal by the federal government of Canada. The Court found that previous abortion laws that banned or limited access to abortions went against section 7 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms, the right to life, liberty and security of person (Long, 2022). Nevertheless, despite abortions being decriminalized and legal, the right to obtain an abortion has never been enshrined in the Canadian Constitution. It also has not been added to the Charter of Rights and Freedoms thus meaning that there are no protections in place that will ensure the longevity of individuals being able to safely and legally access abortions (ARCC, 1). Some of the main arguments and concepts we are engaging with include the right for everyone to have access to safe abortions. In clinics, we need to have open, safe spaces for people of all genders, socio-economic statuses, religions, and races to have abortions, free from bias or harassment. Canada needs to have these clinics accessible to everyone, including those in rural areas. Canada also needs to have laws that are pro-choice. While abortion is decriminalized, there has been no legislature on abortions since 1988. The Supreme court did not say that there was an inherent right to abortions under the charter of rights, merely that the laws against abortions were hindering women’s rights (Long, 2022). With this comes limited access to abortions and a general sense of uncertainty with the Roe v. Wade overturning in the USA. Canada needs to put in place firm laws that defend a persons right to an abortion. Another concept we will engage with is the fact that certain demographics are disproportionately affected by abortion laws. This partially stems from racism, sexism, classism and prejudice against those who differ from the people in charge. This topic is acutely relevant to our current society with the recent overturning of Roe v. Wade; with a change in leadership Canada could have similar outcomes. It is time that those in charge create laws that protect abortion and a person’s right to choose. Without this, future leaders will have an easier time enforcing abortion bans even though abortion is currently decriminalized in Canada. Finally, we explore the implementation and enforcement of rights by discussing the barriers to abortion in Canada. Due to Canada’s concentrated population along the southern border, (and un-official racist/classist policies), rural communities are often underserved in relation to reproductive healthcare. Geographic locations greatly impact the rhetoric surrounding abortions in Canada. Un-serviced areas usually also lack adequate pregnancy care (Kirby, 2017.) Due to the direct links between socio-economic status and geographic location in Canada, reproductive healthcare is not equally accessible across the country. Through the podcast, we will also juxtapose perceived equal access to reproductive rights in Canada and the reality experienced by Indigenous people. Reproductive healthcare in Canada is upheld on the “legislated and non-legislated policies which aim to control Indigenous women’s reproductive rights” (Clarke, 2021). W discuss the aftermath of the report issued by the United Nations Committee Against Torture that acknowledges coerced and forced sterilization of Indigenous women in Canada (UN, 2018). References: Possible Sources to direct listeners to Abortion Rights Coalition: Instagram https://www.instagram.com/abortionrightscoalitioncan/?hl=en Aborsh: Podcast https://www.vanmag.com/Why-Should-Canadians-Care-About-Roe-v-Wade-This-Podcast-Tackl es-Abortion-Rights-North-of-the-Border Al-Arshani, S. (2022). “A Judge in Brazil Ordered a 10-Year-Old Rape Victim to Be Removed from Her Family and Sent to a Shelter to Prevent Her from Having an Abortion.” Insider, https://www.insider.com/brazil-judge-10-year-old-rape-victim--abortion-2022-7. Beier, T. (2018). Abortion is a Charter Right. 4. https://www.arcc-cdac.ca/media/position-papers/65-abortion-charter-right.pdf Clarke, E. Indigenous Women and the Risk of Reproductive Healthcare: Forced Sterilization, Genocide, and Contemporary Population Control. J. Hum. Rights Soc. Work 6, 144–147 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s41134-020-00139-9 Lewis, H. (1998). "Global intersections: critical race feminist human rights and inter/national black women." Maine Law Review, 50(2), 309-326. Long, L. (2022). Abortion in Canada. In The Canadian Encyclopedia. Retrieved from https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/abortion Sherwin, S. (1991). Abortion Through a Feminist Ethics Lens. Dialogue, 30(3), 327-342. doi:10.1017/S0012217300011690…
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