A global war and its fiscal consequences allowed new ideas to take root in the English colonies of North AmericaVon Philip Pugh

In this sidetrack from the narrative, I discuss developments in science. Plus there's Bacon.Von Philip Pugh

In the 18th century, Scotland became an unlikely center of European intellectual life.Von Philip Pugh

The Stuarts were back for a while, but Constitutional government was here to stay along with a new concept: human rights.Von Philip Pugh

Meanwhile, across the channel, all was not civil in the state of EnglandVon Philip Pugh

The revolution of 1789 started at the Estates-General, but what were the estates anyway?Von Philip Pugh

A podcast about the western world in the age of ideologiesVon Philip Pugh